▎WuXi Adapt Content Team Editor
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) states that diabetes is getting out of control around the world.
About 537 million adults aged 20-79 have diabetes (more than 90% are type 2 diabetes), accounting for 10.5%, equivalent to 1 in 10 people with diabetes; in 2021, it will also cause 6.7 million deaths, equivalent to >1 person dies of diabetes every 5 seconds.
Diabetes prevalence continues to rise and is projected to 2030 and 2045 if more action is not taken , the number of patients will increase to 643 million and 783 million, respectively, with a prevalence of 11.3% and 12.2%< /strong>.
Dietary interventions are an important step in both the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. For people who are not and already sick, how to eat to prevent and alleviate type 2 diabetes and reduce the damage to health?
This question was explored in multiple studies recently at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) annual meeting. Study results show: Dairy and tea are associated with reduced risk; red and processed meat may increase risk; whole grains, dietary fiber, fish, and omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced risk of death .
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Dairy, red and processed meat
In this study, researchers analyzed 13 meta-studies to assess the association between 12 different animal-based foods and risk of type 2 diabetes association.
12 food categories include meat (all types of meat), red meat (eg beef, lamb, pork), white meat (eg chicken, duck), processed meat (eg bacon, sausage), fish, dairy ( All types of dairy products), full-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, milk, cheese, >yogurt and eggs.
After controlling for other factors, researchers found that dairy products were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes; meat, red meat, and processed meat were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes About.
Eating 100 grams of meat and red meat per day was associated with a 20% and 22% increased risk of type 2 diabetes, respectively; daily Eating 50 grams of processed meat was associated with a 30% increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Eating 50 grams of white meat per day was associated with a smaller increased risk of type 2 diabetes, at just 4%.
Drinking 200 grams of milk, dairy and low-fat dairy products per day was associated with a 10%, 5%, and 3% lower risk of type 2 diabetes, respectively.< /strong>Related; consumption of 100 grams of yogurt per day was associated with a 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
There was no significant association between other foods and risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Studies analyze the association between meat and dairy products and risk of type 2 diabetes multiple mechanisms.
Red and processed meats are a great source of saturated fat, cholesterol, and heme iron, all of which promote chronic low-level inflammation and Oxidative stress and decreased insulin sensitivity. Processed meats also contain nitrate, nitrite and sodium, which can damage the pancreas to produce isletsprime cells.
Dairy products are rich in vitamins and other bioactive compounds that may have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism; whey protein in milk , can regulate blood sugar level after eating; probiotics contained in yogurt also have a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism.
Study co-author Dr. Annalisa Giosuè of Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy, noted that because this was an observational study, Therefore, the results of the study should be interpreted with caution.
Existing dietary guidelines for the prevention of type 2 diabetes most recommend eating specific plant foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, etc., and limit Eat most animal foods.
“This study shows us that some animal foods, such as dairy products, especially low-fat products, milk and yogurt, can also help prevent Type 2 diabetes. While red and processed meat should be avoided, moderate amounts of fish and eggs may be good substitutes,” said Dr. Giosuè.
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Tea
For this study, researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 19 published studies including 8 countries, more than 1 million adults data to assess the association between different types of tea (black, green or oolong) and risk of type 2 diabetes.
After controlling for other factors, researchers found that moderate consumption of any type of tea was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
Every extra cup of tea per day was associated with a 1.4% lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
those who drank ≥4 cups of tea per day compared to those who never or rarely drank tea (<1 cup/day) strong>, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was reduced by 17%. While 1-3 cups of tea per day were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
Research analysis shows that tea contains active compounds such as polyphenols that may help lower blood sugar levels. But these active compounds requires a certain amount to be effective. It should be noted that the relevant mechanism has not been clarified yet, and more research is needed to explore.
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Because this study is observational, it shows an association between tea and type 2 diabetes risk, not a cause-and-effect relationship. There are also some limitations to the study that may also have an impact on the findings.
Several researchers say this study should be interpreted with caution. They believe that the study’s findings do not prove that drinking tea reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes. Regular tea drinkers, who may be less likely to drink sugar-sweetened beverages, have more healthy lifestyles, may help reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes rather than tea in works.
The researchers say that while more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the findings, the findings suggest that we can do something simple, such as Drink 4 cups of tea a day to potentially reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Whole grains, fish, vegetables
This study conducted a meta-analysis of 107 published studies to assess dietary factors, including diet patterns, dietary factors >Food, Macronutrients (eg carbohydrates, fats, protein), micronutrients (such as minerals, vitamins), etc., Association with the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes.
After controlling for other factors, researchers found that a diet rich in whole grains, fish, vegetables, and dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids and plant protein >, was associated with a lower risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, while frequent egg consumption and higher dietary cholesterol intake were associated with an increased risk of death.
Eat 20 grams more whole grains per day, 100 grams more vegetables, and 1 extra fish per week >, were associated with a 16%, 5% and 12% lower risk of death in T2DM patients, respectively;
A daily intake of 5 grams of dietary fiber, 0.1 grams of omega-3 fatty acids, and 10 grams of vegetable protein was associated with a lower risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes 14%, 13% and 9% relevant;
Eating more 10 grams of eggs per day and eating 300 mg of dietary cholesterol, respectively, is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes< strong>5% and 19% are related.
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The effect of whole grains, fish and vegetables on the reduced risk of death in people with type 2 diabetes may be related to certain compounds in them Blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar, as well as anti-inflammatory effects, which will help reduce the risk of complications such as cardiovascular disease and cancer in people with type 2 diabetes.
Because this study is a observational study, it only shows type 2 diabetes in people with a diet rich in whole grains, dietary fiber, fish and omega-3 fatty acids patients, lived longer and had a lower risk of death, no causal relationship was shown.
Study co-author Dr. Janett Barbaresko of the German Center for Diabetes Research said that people with type 2 diabetes are also more likely to develop circulatory diseases, dementia, cancer and fractures , all of which may increase the risk of death in patients.
“If people with type 2 diabetes can add a few servings of whole grains, fish, vegetable oils and vegetables to their diet, it may be an easy way to improve survival outcomes and prolong life “. Dr. Barbaresko said.
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Summary
In conclusion, Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, long-term disease that requires comprehensive prevention and management. Despite the growing number of drugs that work well in treatment, lifestyle interventions, such as exercise and diet, remain the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes is preventable and controllable. Following a healthy lifestyle and active treatment can steadily control the disease and delay complications, so that patients with diabetes can enjoy a normal life.
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References
[1] Dairy products in moderate amounts may protect against type 2 diabetes: Red and processed meat may raise risk. Retrieved Sep 29 ,2022, from https:https://medicalxpress.com/ news/2022-09-dairy-products-moderate-amounts-diabetes.html
[2] Drinking plenty of tea may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, finds study in over a million adults. Retrieved Sep 29 ,2022, from https:https://www. eurekalert.org/news-releases/964913
[3] High intake of whole grains, fiber, fishand omega-3 fatty acids linked to lower death risk in type 2 diabetic adults. Retrieved Sep 29 ,2022, from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-high-intake-grains-fiber-fish. html
[4] Experts Express Caution Over Type 2 Diabetes-Tea Drinking Claim. Retrieved Sep 29 ,2022, from https:https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/980984
[5] IDF Diabetes Atlas. Retrieved Sep 29 ,2022, from https:https://diabetesatlas.org/
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