Diabetes is preventable and controllable, not directly life-threatening. The most terrifying thing is various complications. Diabetes with multiple complications is often the result of the deterioration of the condition, and the complications often come in “groups”, which are overwhelming. One of the complications of diabetes today is diabetic nephropathy. What will happen when diabetes and nephropathy “meet”?
What are the early symptoms of diabetic nephropathy? What happens after kidney damage?
Microalbuminuria
No protein is normally present in urine, which is produced by the kidneys , If the albumin leaks, it means that the kidneys are not “checked well”, and there is damage. To avoid more and more serious damage to renal function, it is necessary to suppress the leakage of albumin in time to restore renal function. The staging of diabetic nephropathy can also be based on the performance of proteinuria. There are five stages in total: stage 1 is hyperfiltration; stage 2 is intermittent proteinuria; stage 3 is microalbuminuria; stage 4 is macroalbuminuria; Stage 5 is the uremic stage.
Severe edema
Diabetes patients have poor blood circulation, and there is slight edema, which will also affect the kidneys in the long run. Internal blood circulation, lack of blood flow, there is hypoxia and ischemia, resulting in renal cell death, accelerated renal fibrosis and sclerosis, thus affecting the entire renal function, the most serious is renal failure.
High blood pressure
Both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes will have high blood pressure, especially type 2 diabetes Diabetic patients are accompanied by high blood pressure when kidney disease occurs, which can be said to be an “accomplice” to accelerate kidney failure. Impaired renal function will aggravate the imbalance of water and sodium, resulting in a significant increase in blood pressure.
Although kidney disease is menacing, it has a long course and slow progression like diabetes, and early active treatment of diabetes is completely controllable. People with diabetes should pay attention to these things, which can not only control sugar but also protect the kidneys:
It is necessary to stabilize the “four highs” and cannot be ignored
The occurrence of diabetic nephropathy is ultimately caused by unstable blood sugar. Therefore, the key to preventing and treating nephropathy is to stabilize the blood sugar level. . In addition, the “three highs” should also be controlled, blood pressure should be stabilized below 149/90, blood lipids mainly reduce the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol <4.5mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)< 2.6mmol, triglyceride (TG) <1.5mmol/L. Uric acid stabilization also reduces the burden on the kidneys. Controlling the stability of the "three highs" indicators is also helpful for weight loss, which is more beneficial for stabilizing renal function.
To avoid obesity, control weight
Obesity is an important factor and typical feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is also the occurrence of kidney disease Key factor. Obesity can lead to a worsened internal environment and worse blood microcirculation, which is not conducive to lowering blood sugar and improving the kidney environment. Weight loss is the key to the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
A less important diet and exercise mix are healthier. In terms of diet, it is important to be full, eat less and more meals, and match them reasonably. You can choose the thickness of the staple food, eat more vegetables and fruits and eat less meat, as well as various fried, barbecued and other heavy-tasting foods. Exercise more, such as jogging, mountain climbing, gymnastics, swimming, etc., while controlling sugar, it helps to strengthen the body, improve immunity, reduce inflammation in the kidneys, reduce the risk of infection, and protect the stability of kidney function.
Rational drug use and efficient treatment
Oral hypoglycemic drugs are the most important means of treating diabetes. At present, there are many hypoglycemic drugs on the market. Metformin is a commonly used drug. In addition, there are sulfonylurea secretagogues, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin sensitizers, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and new drugs GLP-1 receptors. agonists, etc. Based on metformin, a combination of two or three drugs is more commonly used.
Those with diabetes also need to take antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs. If renal function damage occurs, they also need to take protein-lowering drugs, which requires choosing the most suitable for their condition. Drugs, such as antihypertensive drugs sartan and puli drugs, also have the functions of reducing protein and protecting kidneys. They kill three birds with one stone and are suitable for diabetic patients. In order to reduce the metabolic burden on the kidneys, the selection of drugs should be based on high efficiency, convenience, and small amounts.
Check kidney function every day
Patients with a 5-year history of diabetes, whether older or younger , must insist on checking the kidneys. At least once a year, and the number of re-examinations should be increased as the medical history grows. Kidney disease is relatively insidious in the early stage, and the symptoms are not obvious. Some routine examinations can detect abnormal renal function in advance, which is helpful for timely treatment to reduce the risk of renal failure.