After being diagnosed with breast cancer, my friends became very cautious about their diet. They always felt that they couldn’t eat this or that, and they couldn’t eat too much or too little, so they fell into nutritional misunderstandings, which led to negative impacts. treatment effect, and even accelerate disease progression. Recently, the Cancer Nutrition Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and the Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Medical Association published the “Expert Consensus on Nutritional Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients” , based on consensus, we have summarized 18 nutritional recommendations for your reference.
01, Is it okay to be underweight?
After actively receiving anti-tumor therapy, some breast cancer patients will be underweight. Patients are malnourished and must be assessed by specialists and nutritionists to develop and implement a nutritional improvement plan to avoid being underweight that reduces quality of life, interferes with treatment delivery, slows recovery, or increases the risk of complications.
02,Is it okay to be overweight or obese?
In postmenopausal breast cancer patients, the incidence of excess nutrition (overweight, obesity) is more than 50% . Overnutrition can cause physical damage, decreased quality of life, increased treatment-related adverse effects, and can increase all-cause mortality from breast cancer by 33%breast cancer . Patients are advised to take active interventions to maintain a healthy weight.
03,Energy Intake Recommendations
- < p>For patients with normal mobility, the recommended energy intake is 25-30kcal/(kg·d);
bed rest The recommended energy intake for patients is 20-25 kcal/(kg·d).
The energy requirement is not static and will be adjusted at any time according to the actual physical condition and condition of the patient if necessary.
04, Protein intake recommendations
A moderate intake of protein can reduce anti-tumor Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness and other adverse reactions caused by the treatment, and the prevention and improvement of “sarcopenic obesity”.
The recommended protein intake for breast cancer patients is 1.2-1.5g/(kg·d). The intake can be adjusted to 1.5-2.0g/(kg·d).
05,Nutrition recommendations during surgical treatment
Consensus recommendations, in addition to supplementing wound healing after surgery Essential nutrients: amino acids, vitamins, trace minerals, and supplementation of protein, carbohydrates, and fats according to the nutritional status of the body, for breast cancer patients who need radiotherapy< /strong>, choose Oral Glutamine under the advice of doctors, which can reduce the bad skin caused by radiotherapy reaction.
06,Nutrition advice during radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Maintain a healthy weight. Study found that underweight or obese breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemoradiation had a shorter overall survival than normal weight patients /span>.
Breast CancerLearning nutrition knowledge, how to improve nutrition, change eating behavior, and develop good eating and nutritional habits can reduce the adverse effects of gastrointestinal chemotherapy related to breast cancer patients.
07,Nutrition advice during endocrine therapy
accepted Breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy, especially postmenopausal patients treated with aromatase inhibitors, are prone to bone loss and even fractures. It is recommended that prior to aromatase inhibitor therapy,Fracture risk assessment, lifestyle changes, and calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
08,Increasing the relative intake ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet can reduce the risk of breast cancer. Dietary ω-3/ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratiosevery 10% increase, breast cancer< /span>6% reduction in risk.
09,Increased consumption of low-fat dairy or dairy products may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Studies show that compared with women who consume dairy products less frequently than 1 day a week, 3-4 days of dairy consumption< /span>women with breast cancer31% lower incidence< span>, while 5 to 7 days per week of dairy consumptionwomen with breast cancer< span>Incidence rate decreased by 47%.
10, Can I eat soy foods?
Yes. The consensus states that eating soy foods can significantly reduce the risk of death and recurrence of breast cancer in women.
According to the results of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Cohort Study of 5000 breast cancer patients in Shanghai, the results of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Cohort Study showed that breast cancer in the group with the highest intake of soybean protein< /span>29% lower risk of death, 32% lower risk of recurrence %.
In short, it is safe to consume in moderation. However, due to a lack of evidence, supplements containing soy isoflavones are not recommended for breast cancer patients to reduce the risk of recurrence.
11, Can I have coffee?
Yes. Consensus states that caffeinated coffee consumption can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
The study found that coffee/caffeine intake was inversely associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. A 2-cup/d increase in coffee intake was associated with a 2% lower breast cancer risk; a 200 mg/d increase in caffeine intake was associated with a 1% lower breast cancer risk.
12, Which weight is healthier?
Overweight and Obesity is an important factor for poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Factors related to metastasis, tumor recurrence, and complications. Therefore, the consensus recommends that breast cancer patients should try to keep their body weight within the normal range (ie, a body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2) after treatment.
13, How do I maintain a healthy weight?
Consensus recommends avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and returning to daily physical activity before the diagnosis of the disease as soon as possible. Adult breast cancer patients aged 18 to 64 years, recommended:
Moderate Intensive aerobic exercise: at least 150min per week (5 times per week, 30min each time).
Strength training (large-muscle resistance exercises): At least 2 times a week.
Also suggest: increase the intake of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, high-quality protein; limit alcohol, Intake of red meat and processed meat products.
14, What should I eat to supplement high-quality protein?
Fish, lean meat, skinless poultry, eggs, low-fat and fat-free milk Foods such as products, nuts, and legumes are all good sources of protein, along with unsaturated fatty acids. The dietary structure based on vegetables and fruits should be supplemented with enough high-quality protein such as fish and milk.
15, Why limit alcohol intake?
Consensus states that drinking alcohol increases breast cancer .
The study found that women who consumed 35 to 44 grams of alcohol per day had an increased risk of breast cancer compared with women who did not drink alcohol.Plus 32%. A 10g increase in alcohol intake per day was associated with a 7.1% increase in the relative risk of breast cancer.
16, Why limit your intake of red and processed meat?
“Red meat” refers to meat from livestock such as beef, pork, and lamb. “Processed meat” refers to meat that has been cured, fermented, smoked, or otherwise transformed to enhance flavor or improve preservation, such as bacon, sausage, sausage, hot dogs, etc.
Red meat is high in saturated fat, cholesterol, heme iron, and various chemical carcinogens that may accumulate at high temperatures It has been considered to be an important dietary factor in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including breast cancer, so it is not recommended for breast cancer patients.
17, Smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke are not recommended
The active smoking rate among Chinese women is only 2.5%, but the overall exposure The proportion of second-hand smoke was 71.6%. Studies have shown that passive smoking is weakly associated with breast cancer death and all-cause mortality in women, but passive smoking increases the risk of poor prognosis in postmenopausal or obese breast cancer patients.
Therefore, it is recommended that breast cancer patients should avoid smoking and passive smoking as much as possible. Breast cancer patients who smoke should quit smoking as soon as possible.
18, Is it possible to supplement nutrition by eating health supplements?
Patients with breast cancer should try to avoid dietary obtain the necessary nutrients. Nutrient supplementation should only be considered when clinical manifestations or biochemical indicators suggest nutrient deficiencies.
When the patient cannot get enough nutrients from food and the intake is only 2/3 of the recommended amount, it can be considered to take
span>nutrient supplements. However, when a nutritional supplement is required and in what dose should be diagnosed by a nutritionist.
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