In the 1960s, Guangdong Sihui and Zhongshan became the hardest hit areas for nasopharyngeal cancer. After more than 50 years of unremitting efforts, Guangdong’s nasopharyngeal cancer mortality rate has dropped by about 40%, and the early diagnosis rate has increased by 59%.
What is the reason for the high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer? What are the effective ways to fight nasopharyngeal cancer? Let’s follow the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center’s expert team to get closer to the fight against cancer.
In the 1960s, Sihui and Zhongshan in Guangdong became the hardest hit areas for nasopharyngeal cancer. 21 men and 8 women die of nasopharyngeal cancer per 100,000 people, and the incidence rate of men and women is about 50 to 80 times that of most regions of the world. Therefore, nasopharyngeal carcinoma is known as “Guangdong tumor”.
Afterwards, experts from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center quickly formed a team to tackle nasopharyngeal cancer. After more than 50 years of unremitting efforts, Guangdongnasopharyngeal cancer mortality rate showed a significant downward trend.
What is nasopharyngeal cancer
When a person breathes, the gas passes through a space about three centimeters wide from the nose to the throat. The cavity is called nasopharynx. Because the nasopharynx is invisible, intangible, and has a special location, early screening for nasopharyngeal cancer is difficult. Often when patients have perceptible symptoms such as nasal congestion, 70% to 80% of patients are in the middle and late stages.
Distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
regional
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare tumor in most parts of the world, with obvious geographical distribution , but the distribution of cases in China accounts for about half of the world. China’s high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer mainly includes Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi and other southern regions. 80% of the patients are concentrated in Guangdong and Guangxi regions.
Nasopharyngeal cancer in Guangdong and Guangxi regions
High incidence reasons
The reasons for nasal and pharyngeal cancer in Guangdong and Guangxi regions The high incidence of pharyngeal cancer is related to local dietary habits, genetic factors and smoking frequency.
Diet habits:
I like to eat salted fish
The Guangdong and Guangxi regions are located on the coast, In the 1960s, due to the lack of materials and limited preservation technology, the consumption of salted fish in the Sihui area and some Xijiang basins was relatively large. salted fish contains large amounts of ammonium nitrite, which is Tissues are defined as Class I carcinogens. Studies have shown that people who regularly eat salted fish have a 50% or even 650% increased risk of nasopharyngeal cancer.; the greater the risk. In addition to salted fish, Sausages and bacon also contain a large amount of ammonium nitrite, which can easily induce nasopharyngeal cancer.
Genetic Factors:
EBV
EB The virus belongs to the class of human herpesvirus, which can be transmitted by saliva , also known as the kiss virus. The infection rate is very high, and the incidence of infection in China has been as high as more than 90%. Epstein-Barr virus is closely related to nasopharyngeal cancer, but does not necessarily get nasopharyngeal cancer after being infected with Epstein-Barr virus.
Prerequisites for EBV activation
Prerequisite 1: EBV varies from person to region Epstein-Barr virus strains circulating in the region are more carcinogenic. This is because there are inherited susceptibility genes in the HLA gene region of people in this area. If there is EB virus in the body at this time, it will be more easily activated and increase the Risk of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Prerequisite 2: The virus must be continuously infected and activated. The incidence of pharyngeal cancer is about 5-6 times that of the general population; if the antibody level continues to increase, the incidence will increase to 20 times above. For example, the high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in Sihui area is closely related to the local high smoking rate, persistent virus infection and activation.
Building a Defense System
Fighting Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Nasopharyngeal Cancer Indirect endoscopy
beginning in the 1960s, indirect endoscopy has become a commonly used examination method by clinicians. In order to raise the public’s awareness of early diagnosis and early treatment, the expert team trained grass-roots doctors, increased publicity efforts, and brought the three-level network of cancer prevention to the bottom.
Epstein-Barr virus antibody detection
In those years, due to medical conditions, technicians were all tested by cell sections. Visual inspection to complete EB virus antibody detection. With the advancement of technology, the ELISA method of automated instruments appeared in the late 1990s, which greatly improved the accuracy and efficiency, and also improved the coverage of screening.
Endoscopy
EndoscopyYes More advanced examination methods can help doctors observe the nasopharynx in more detail, improve the diagnostic accuracy and early lesion detection rate.< /img>
Active attack
killing nasopharyngeal cancer
intelligent precision radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is generally the first choice for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. With the help of artificial intelligence, nasopharyngeal tumors can be automatically delineated to help doctors accurately identify tumor targets and prevent complications. The incidence was reduced by about 24%, significantly improving patients’ quality of life.Chinese scheme
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Initial , our country uses the US plan from the international guidelines. After clinical exploration and experience summarization, my country has gradually explored a set of Chinese plan, namely “chemotherapy first and then radiotherapy”, the overall survival rate was increased by about 10%, and was eventually adopted by international guidelines.
After 50 years of unremitting efforts by five generations, the methods of community screening and clinical diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer have made great progress and development< /strong>. The early diagnosis rate of nasopharyngeal cancer in the demonstration area for early diagnosis and early treatment has increased from 20% to 79%, and the mortality rate has been reduced to one-fifth of the original.
In general, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma increased to more than 84%, and the 5-year survival rate of early stage patients was as high as more than 95%. By 2030, the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal cancer will be completely curbed, and the anti-cancer road of nasopharyngeal cancer is expected to achieve significant results.
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Editor of this article: Zhou Yihan Editor in charge: Bai Xia