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Expert of this article: Hu Zhongdong, Chief Examining Physician, Deputy Chief Physician, Health Management Center, Changsha Third Hospital, Hunan Member of the Youth Science Popularization Innovation Professional Committee of the Provincial Society of Medical Education and Technology

“Polyps” often appear on the physical examination reports of many people. Some people see this result, I began to worry about whether the polyp would turn into cancer, so I wanted to remove it as soon as possible. But are all polyps cancerous? In fact, this matter requires a specific analysis of specific issues, let’s look at it together.

PolypsPolyps are abnormal growths that protrude from the mucosal surface, The pathological properties were previously collectively referred to as polyps. Wherever there are mucous membranes in the human body, polyps may appear.

Gallery copyright images, do not reproduce without authorizationplease don’t panic when encountering “polyps” span>Not all polyps are necessarily cancerous. What is the cancer risk of polyps related to? Studies have shown that in addition to genetic factors, the appearance of polyps is also related to chronic stimulation of inflammation. Irregular eating habits, smoking, alcoholism, staying up late for a long time, like eating spicy food and high-fat food, sedentary and other bad habits, as well as the stimulation of basic gastrointestinal lesions, are all related to the occurrence of polyps and even cancer. In addition, whether polyps are cancerous or not is related to the size, type, shape, number, location and other factors of polyps. In general, larger polyps have a higher chance of becoming cancerous, adenomatous polyps are more likely to become cancerous, and hyperplastic polyps are less likely to become cancerous. Pedunculated polyps and smooth-surfaced polyps have a lower cancer rate; sessile polyps (with a wide base), uneven surface, depression in the middle, and cauliflower-shaped polyps have a higher cancer rate .

Polyps like this are almost always cancerous

p>Colorectal polypsInflammatory:Inflammation can disappear spontaneously after healingAdenoma: Normal It will not go away on its own and has a tendency to become malignantColorectal cancer (CRC)is the third most common malignant tumor in the world Tumors usually evolve from the “adenomatous-cancer” development model. Early detection and timely treatment of colorectal polyps, especially adenomatous polyps, can significantly reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.

Gallery copyright pictures, without authorization span>Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)is a group of autosomal dominant polyposis characterized by multiple colorectal adenomas Sexual Inherited Syndrome. Clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and mucus. Without aggressive treatment, nearly all patients will develop colorectal cancer. For those with a family history of gastrointestinal cancer, be alert to FAP. Regular colonoscopy can effectively prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer. Once colonoscopy detects polyps or small tumors in the intestine, it can be removed immediately, and a biopsy can be taken to determine whether it is a malignant tumor. Do family members of FAP patients need genetic testing? At present, there are three types of hereditary colorectal cancers: Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), black spot polyposis (P-J syndrome) ).

Among them, FAP is caused by abnormal mutation of APC gene, gene mutation can be detected in more than 90% of typical FAP patients, and all their first-degree relatives may be Illness (50% chance). Therefore, clinically diagnosed FAP patients and all immediate family members should undergo genetic counseling and genetic testing. How to deal with polyps in different parts? Whether polyps in the body need to be removed depends on specific issues.

• Nasal Polyps span>

Symptoms of nasal polyps include nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfactory dysfunction and headache.Nasal polyps are usually not cancerous . If the symptoms are obvious and medical treatment is ineffective or there are multiple large polyps, endoscopic nasal polypectomy can be selected.

• vocal polyps span>

Long-term inappropriate vocalization, long-term adverse stimulation or chronic inflammation are all related to the appearance of vocal cord polyps. Vocal cord polypsIt is easy to cause hoarseness or even obvious difficulty in vocalization. Once you have symptoms of hoarseness, foreign body sensation in the throat, dry and itchy throat, it is recommended to go to the hospital immediately. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy can confirm the diagnosis, and if necessary, surgical removal can be performed under the advice of a doctor.

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Generally Said that gallbladder polyps are mostly benign lesions. However, single polyp of the gallbladder should be highly vigilant, because it has a certain possibility of cancer. Especially for those with a diameter greater than or equal to 1 cm, single, wide pedicle, or localized gallbladder wall thickening that increases rapidly in a short period of time, or those with gallbladder stones and obvious clinical symptoms, malignant transformation is suspected Or malignant lesions, should be treated as soon as possible cholecystectomy.

• gastric polyps

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Some gastric polyps are at risk of becoming cancerous and may develop into gastric cancer. The most effective way to find gastric polyps is a gastroscopy. Suspected cancerous or existing cancerous polyps, as well as polyps larger than 2 cm in diameter, must be removed to reduce the occurrence of gastric cancer, and the polyps should be sent for pathological examination.

• cervical polyps strong>

The vast majority of cervical polyps are benign lesions, but they may also become cancerous. If you are over 45 years old, especially women with cervical polyps before and after menopause, the polyps should be removed in time and sent for pathological examination.

• Endometrial Polyps

Endometrial polyps can lead to prolonged periods, increased menstrual flow, irregular vaginal bleeding and even infertility. Whether surgical treatment is required is closely related to the presence or absence of symptoms and menopause. If there is gynecological inflammation, treat it in time. Symptomatic endometrial polyps, ≥1cm, should be surgically removed and given medication to avoid recurrence. Because postmenopausal polyps have the highest risk of malignant transformation, it is recommended that postmenopausal women remove polyps in time to prevent cancer.

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