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·Why Infectious Diseases Cause Anemia·
After many pathogenic microorganisms invade the human body, in the process of causing inflammation or infection, the production of red blood cells is reduced and the damage is increased Or blood loss, the resulting anemia is called anemia caused by infectious diseases. This type of anemia can be divided into two clinical categories: one is that it occurs rapidly after infection, and is often manifested as acute hemolytic anemia; the other is that it occurs gradually during chronic infection or inflammation, manifesting as anemia of chronic disease.
The pathogenesis of anemia due to infectious diseases can be divided into three categories: blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, and increased destruction of red blood cells.
(1) Blood loss: Gastrointestinal infection combined with hemorrhage is common in hookworm disease, bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella, typhoid fever, Helicobacter pylori, etc. and duodenal ulcer causing bleeding. Cystitis caused by bacterial infection often has hematuria. Intrapulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can produce pulmonary cavities and cause hemoptysis.
(2) Decreased erythropoiesis: Many infectious diseases can inhibit bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells to varying degrees. Anemia, such as myeloid or megakaryotic involvement, can lead to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
(3) Increased destruction of red blood cells: When the body is invaded by bacteria, viruses or protozoa and an infectious disease occurs, the body produces interferon-a (interferon-a, INF-a), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (tumor necrosis factor, TNF) and other cytokines can activate monocytes-macrophages, enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and make red blood cells in the spleen. , Excessive liver damage, can produce extravascular hemolysis.
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