Eating is a major event in life. The issue of iodine intake is really a knowledge.
We know that iodine and the thyroid gland are closely related. If the thyroid gland is the “factory” for the human body to synthesize thyroxine, then “iodine” is the basic raw material. Eating less and eating more may affect the human body. influence.
Less intake of iodine, not only may lead to goiter, hypothyroidism, severe iodine deficiency in children will also affect the development of physical intelligence, pregnant mothers may lead to premature birth , miscarriage and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Eating too much iodine is also troublesome, and may cause a series of thyroid diseases: hyperiodine goiter, iodine hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, etc.
Source: Tencent Medical Illustrator
Therefore, some people wonder, “Are you taking too much iodized salt? Do you want to continue to eat iodized salt?”
We eat iodized salt because the body can only supplement iodine by ingesting it, and most foods are naturally low in iodine.
Most areas of our country are iodine deficient in natural environment, and the incidence of endemic goiter (that is, the legendary “big neck disease”) was once very high. After starting to eat iodized salt, the iodine malnutrition of the people has been significantly improved.
The 2018 Guidelines for Iodine Supplementation for Chinese Residents recommend 120 micrograms/day of iodine intake for healthy adults over 14 years old and healthy adults. For people with normal thyroid, it is not necessary Too entangled in the issue of “eating iodine”.
Take iodized salt as an example, we consume about 5g of salt a day, from which we can obtain 100 micrograms of iodine, and the remaining 20 micrograms can be obtained from drinking water and food. Occasionally, if you accidentally “eat too much iodized salt”, the body will adjust itself and excrete some excess iodine.
Unless you eat a lot of iodine every day to abuse your thyroid, it won’t lose its temper easily.
Simply summed up in one sentence, you should eat, drink, and eat normally.
Before answering this question, let’s look at a set of data:
In the normal physical examination population, the palpation detection rate of thyroid nodules is about 3%-7%, and the high-resolution ultrasound detection rate is about 20%-76%[1]. It can be seen that the incidence of thyroid nodules is indeed not low.
Research has shown that mental workers (eg, office workers) have a 1.31-fold higher risk of developing thyroid nodules than manual workers (eg, outdoor workers) [2]. Higher education level and greater work pressure are also related to the incidence of thyroid nodules[3]
Source: Tencent Medical Illustrator
The increased incidence of thyroid disease is due to:
On the one hand, check for equipment upgrades. The popular application of high-resolution color Doppler ultrasound increases the detection rate of micronodules;
On the other hand, people’s awareness of physical examination has increased, and thyroid nodules with no obvious symptoms in the past will be detected earlier.
Studies have confirmed that excessive or insufficient iodine intake can increase the prevalence of thyroid nodules, so an appropriate iodine diet is required. Of course, thyroid nodules are also related to iodine intake, as well as radioactive exposure, autoimmunity, genetics and other factors. [2]
But if you just single out the statement “eat more iodized salt”, iodized salt is very innocent.
Image source: Zhanku Hailuo
Thyroid disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease. Friends who find out the problem, when it comes to iodine in food, they should first give a three-point, how much is appropriate to eat, and shake their heads in confusion. …
To figure out how to supplement iodine with thyroid disease, first, we need to-
If you are hyperthyroid (with or without nodules) or need iodine-131 therapy, a low iodine diet is recommended. [4]
For Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, a iodine-restricted diet is recommended.
Iodine 131 postoperative hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules (normal thyroid function), normal people, appropriate iodine diet is good, there is no need to have too many taboos. .
Here, I seem to see a bunch of people scratching their heads in line-
Before I can figure out the difference, here is the iodine content of different foods:
Let’s see first-
1. Low iodine diet
Iodine is widely present in all kinds of food, and we cannot do an “iodine-free diet”, so we can only recommend and implement a “low iodine diet”, that is, reduce as much as possible Intake of iodine, avoid foods high in iodine, and recommend eating non-iodized salt.
Life should also pay attention to small details, such as:
Do not eat pickled or processed food (do not eat salt added in the ingredient list, unless it is made by yourself with non-iodized salt); eggs only eat egg whites (do not eat egg yolks); no Eat health products that contain iodine.
Photo source: Zhanku Hailuo
What else can a patient on a low iodine diet eat?
Fresh fruits and vegetables, rice, canned fruit, wheat flour, cereals, cereals, vinegar, black pepper, coffee and tea (not instant coffee), sugar, honey, spices, vegetable oils, and more.
2. Iodine-restricted diet
For an iodine-restricted diet, the recommended standard by the Nuclear Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association is <50 micrograms/day for at least 1-2 weeks.
Although an iodine-restricted diet is not as strict as a low-iodine diet, it is still important to avoid high-iodine foods such as seaweed as much as possible.
In daily life, if you eat non-iodized salt, you can eat some seashells, small shrimp, processed foods, egg yolks and other foods in moderation; and if you eat iodized salt , the above food should be reluctant to give up.
3. Iodine-appropriate diet
Appropriate iodine is easy to understand. The normal adult iodine intake is 120 micrograms per day. Pregnant and lactating women should consume at least 230-240 micrograms per day, so it is recommended to supplement high-iodine foods or iodine-containing multivitamins.
Therefore, no matter what kind of thyroid disease it is, you must take medicines according to the doctor’s orders, actively go to the hospital for treatment, and pay attention to your diet and emotions, so that your body can recover faster and better.
Image source: Zhanku Hailuo
References
[1] Endocrinology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Head and Neck Cancer Professional Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, etc. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer[J] ]. China Clinical Oncology, 2012, 39(17): 1249-1272.
[2] Yu Chuanchuan, Wang Qiang. Preliminary analysis on the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of thyroid nodules in healthy adults in my country from 2008 to 2014 [J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2016,33(5 ): 440-443.
[3] Fan L, Tan L, Chen Y, et al. Investigation on the factors that influence the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in Tianjin, China[J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2018, 50: 537-542.
[4] Endemic Diseases Branch of Chinese Medical Association / Chinese Nutrition Society / Endocrinology Branch of Chinese Medical Association Guidelines for Chinese Residents of Iodine Supplementation. 2018,05
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