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~ It is the largest detoxification organ in the human body, and it is reddish-brown in color. It is located in the upper right abdomen of the human body, and is mostly covered by the right rib.
How important is the liver?
The liver is an important digestive organ of the human body, the main Physiological functions include:
① The human liver is a “processing factory”, which is involved in the synthesis of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and other substances , transformation and decomposition.
② secretes and excretes bile.
③ The liver is a detoxification organ.
④ Humans mainly rely on the liver for hematopoiesis in the fetus.
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Which signals indicate that something is wrong with the liver?
If you have the following symptoms, you should be alert to whether there is a problem with your liver, and you should seek a doctor to find out the cause in time:
● body soft;
● not wanting to eat;
< span>● liver pain;
● weight loss.
What is liver cancer?
Malignant tumors of the liver, which originate in the liver are called primary liver cancer, and metastasize to the liver from tumors of other organs called metastatic liver cancer.
Liver cancer ranks second in the death rank of malignant tumors. Early stage liver cancer has no symptoms or no obvious symptoms, and progresses rapidly. The patient has reached a locally advanced stage or has distant metastasis, treatment is difficult, and the prognosis is very poor, which seriously threatens the health and life safety of the people.
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What are the risk factors for liver cancer?
Who is at risk of developing liver cancer?
There are many risk factors for liver cancer, such as:
① Middle-aged male;
② Chronic liver disease: viral hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis; p>
③ Biotoxins: eating food contaminated with aflatoxin and its toxins, drinking contaminated water (such as blue-green algae can produce algal toxins— — microcystins);
④ long-term smoking and drinking;
⑤
span> Chemical carcinogens (such as nitrosamines, organochlorine pesticides, etc.);
⑥ Genetic factors can increase the incidence of liver cancer risk.
Patients with viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis who drink polluted water for a long time, smoke and drink alcohol for a long time, eat moldy food for a long time, and people with a family history of liver cancer are particularly prone to develop liver cancer.
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Is there any symptoms of early liver cancer?
HCC is often asymptomatic or has atypical clinical symptoms in the early stage. Symptoms are mostly manifestations of underlying diseases. Viral hepatitis and its cirrhosis are prone to liver cancer.
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How to prevent liver cancer?
To prevent early liver cancer, you should avoid eating moldy food, polluted water, etc., and eat a healthy diet and eat more Fresh vegetables and fruits, stay away from cigarettes and alcohol. Prevention of liver cancer focuses on a reasonable diet and regular check-ups. Especially for people with viral hepatitis, regular check-ups are especially important. Liver cancer in the family,Regular review is also required, such as alpha-fetoprotein and liver color Doppler ultrasound at least once a year.
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health knowledge “emphasis”
< p>Liver cancer can be detected and diagnosed at an early stage, so patients with chronic liver disease should follow the doctor’s advice and follow up regularly, for early diagnosis and optimal treatment effect .
How to detect liver cancer early?
● Tumor Markers
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
A-fetoprotein detection is a preliminary method to detect small hepatocellular carcinoma For the high-risk population of liver cancer, it is recommended to measure serum alpha-fetoprotein every six months.
AFP≥400μg/L for 1 month or ≥200μg/L for more than 2 months can basically diagnose liver cancer when pregnancy, gonadal embryonic carcinoma and active liver disease are excluded. Some small hepatocellular carcinoma serum AFP test is negative, B-ultrasound can make up for the lack of AFP examination, so it is best to perform simultaneous examination of B-ultrasound and AFP.
The glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in the liver function test is also a method for detecting liver cancer. When this index alone increases more than 8 times, it should be considered when alcohol and drug factors are excluded. Liver cancer.
AFP-L3 and AFP-L3%
AFP is a glycoprotein that Divided into three types of AFP-L1/L2/L3, of which AFP-L3 is unique to primary liver cancer cells and is a highly specific indicator of primary liver cancer. The ratio of AFP-L3 to AFP (AFP-L3%) can effectively differentiate benign and malignant liver diseases. If the AFP-L3%>10% in patients, the incidence of liver cancer is >95%. Serum AFP-L3% is an excellent indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of liver cancer, which can be used for screening, early diagnosis, postoperative monitoring and follow-up of high-risk groups of liver cancer.
Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is widely Spectral tumor markers can be elevated in various tumors such as liver cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. CA19-9 is mainly used for the auxiliary diagnosis of digestive tract, and the positive rate in liver cancer reaches 65%. Therefore, both of them are of great significance for auxiliary diagnosis of liver cancer, observation of curative effect, prognosis judgment, and diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis.
Golgi protein 73 (GP73)
is a clinical assistant for the diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma, liver A new marker of fibrosis and liver injury, serum GP73 levels will increase when liver cancer, liver fibrosis, inflammation, injury, etc. occur.
GP73 is an early warning marker of liver cancer. When GP73>150ng/ml, it indicates an increased risk of liver cancer. The proportion of patients with GP73>150ng/ml of liver cancer is 3.21 times that of patients with GP73<150ng/ml . GP73 is an excellent tumor marker for auxiliary diagnosis of liver cancer, especially in the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and liver cirrhosis and the early diagnosis of liver cancer, and its value is better than AFP.
abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-Ⅱ)
serum PIVKA- II levels were significantly increased. The sensitivity (89%) and specificity (96%) of PIVKA-II in diagnosing liver cancer are higher than that of AFP. For AFP-negative liver cancer patients, especially early-stage liver cancer, the positive rate of PIVKA-II can reach 70%.
● CEUS < /p>
B-ultrasound is an important means to detect small hepatocellular carcinoma, B-ultrasound combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein has an accuracy rate of over 90% in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma, It is the first choice for clinical diagnosis of early liver cancer. For patients with risk factors, abdominal ultrasound at intervals of 3 to 6 months is necessary.
● CT
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CT examination is an important means to detect early-stage liver cancer, small cancer lesions with a diameter of about 1.0cm can be detected.
● MRI
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Clinical studies have shown that the MRI diagnosis rate is above 95%, and the value of MRI is far beyond that of other types of imaging examinations. The detection rate and strong sensitivity are conducive to the early diagnosis of liver cancer. The low signal on T1-weighted image and the medium-high signal on T2 on high-field MRI can help to distinguish liver cancer from precancerous lesions.
● Hepatic Arteriography
Interventional hepatic arteriography can also detect early lesions larger than 1.0 cm in diameter. It is used for benign and malignant lesions that are difficult to distinguish with conventional methods, and can detect lesions as small as 0.5 cm.
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Don’t pay attention to these diseases, liver cancer is not far away from you
● Hepatitis
Epidemiological StatisticsThe calculation shows that the areas where hepatitis B is prevalent are areas with high incidence of liver cancer, and people who have had hepatitis B have more chances of developing liver cancer than those who have not had hepatitis B. Hepatitis B and C are the main initiating factors in the pathogenesis of human liver cancer.
● cirrhosis< /p>
The most common liver cirrhosis usually develops from hepatitis B. Some patients with liver cirrhosis can develop into liver cancer after a certain period of time. The rate is 10% to 15%.
Content source: “Oncology published by People’s Health Publishing House” Prevention and treatment of popular science series: early cancer of digestive tract”
Organized by: Chongqing Cancer Hospital Chongqing University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
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