Urgent reminder! There is No. 1 infectious disease in China, how can the public do personal protection?

Introduction

The top class A infectious disease suddenly appeared yesterday.

01Late Night Announcement< span>! Contagion No. 1 confirmed< span>Yesterday (July 19) evening, the official website of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Health and Health Commission issued a notice, Yinchuan City confirmed an imported case of plague and announced the details. The specific situation is: On the 19th, a male case of plague (bubonic plague) was diagnosed in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. , lives in Shanghai Temple Ranch, Otuoke Qianqi, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and works as a herdsman. Around 9:00 on July 12th, the patient consciously had fever, fatigue, confusion, watery diarrhea, returned to Yinchuan from Inner Mongolia, and was treated at the Third People’s Hospital of Yinchuan City . Around 11:00 on July 13th, he was treated at the Fourth People’s Hospital of the Autonomous Region, and at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University on July 14th. A suspected plague case was diagnosed on July 19th, and a plague case was confirmed on the same day. The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Response to Imported Plague Epidemic Work Headquarters issued Announcement No. 1: The four-level emergency response to plague epidemic prevention and control was launched immediately that night. At present, relevant regions and units have fully activated the emergency response working mechanism in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and have adopted strict classification control measures for epidemic-related areas and personnel. progress in an orderly manner. 02

The fatality rate is up to 100%

Clinic admissions

in our country , plague and cholera are the only two types of infectious diseases. The difference is that plague ranks first among legal infectious diseases and is named “Disease No. 1”, while cholera is “Disease No. 2”. Now everyone knows the new crown as a Class B infectious disease . The plague is mainly prevalent among rodents. Rats and marmots are the natural hosts of Yersinia pestis, and rat fleas are the transmission vectors. It is characterized by acute onset, short course of disease, high mortality, strong infectivity and rapid spread. Especially the septicemic plague and pneumonic plague, if left untreated, the case fatality rate is 30%~100%. The incubation period of plague is short, generally 1~6 days. Can reach 8-9 days. The plague can also be “human-to-human”. According to Chang Rongshan, a virologist, once a patient is diagnosed or suspected of having the plague, they should be quickly and closely quarantined and treated on the spot. Should not be forwarded. In August last year, Ningxia also confirmed an imported case of plague. This case was similar to the case confirmed yesterday, with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, and she was also engaged in grazing work all year round. It is worth noting that it is easy to take it lightly because the symptoms are inconspicuous. Last year, plague patients in Ningxia visited local clinics several times, and were in critical condition when they were sent to the hospital. Due to the severe contagion of the plague, the onset of disease is rapid, and once the treatment is delayed, the consequences will be serious, which will seriously affect people’s lives and production, and is known as the “Black Death” internationally.

03How is plague detected and prevented? In fact, the plague has never been eliminated, and sporadic cases occur every year in our country. In the past ten years, a total of 16 cases of plague have been found nationwide, with 9 deaths and a case fatality rate of over 50%. However, if early diagnosis and standardized and effective treatment can be obtained, the cure rate is very high. Suspected contacts can also be prevented from becoming ill with preventive medication. About the plague, you must know the following information: How is the plague spread?

Rats and rodents, of which R. norvegicus and yellow-breasted rats are the main sources of infection. Wild foxes, wolves, feral cats, hares, camels and sheep may also be sources of infection.

The transmission routes include rat flea bite transmission, respiratory infection, and skin transmission.

What are the symptoms of plague? According to clinical manifestations and morbidity characteristics, the plague can be divided into bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague and other types of plague. Bubonic plague: high fever and chills, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, headache and pain in limbs, flushing, conjunctival congestion, Bleeding spots on the skin and mucous membranes are mostly manifested as swollen and rapidly developing lymph nodes in the groin, armpit and neck, and the lymph nodes quickly purulent and rupture after a week. Pneumonic plague: severe onset, with chills and high fever, headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, and purple lips , cough and other symptoms, often due to heart failure, hemorrhagic shock and death.

Septicaemic plague: high fever, chills, confusion, coma, and then Septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and extensive skin hemorrhage and necrosis. Who is susceptible to plague? populations are generally susceptible. Field workers, close contacts or predators of marmots, and pastoralists are high-risk groups. Long-lasting immunity can be obtained after plague infection, and certain immunity can be obtained by vaccination. How can the plague be prevented? Experts remind the general public: Strictly follow the requirements of “Three Nos and Three Reports” for plague prevention and control, do a good job in personal protection, and improve self-protection awareness and ability. 1. “Three Nos”: Do not hunt animals that are the source of disease without permission, do not Strip and eat the animals that are the source of the epidemic, and do not take the animals and their products out of the epidemic area without permission. 2. “Three Reports”:Discovering sick (dead) marmots and others Animals should be reported, suspected plague patients should be reported, unexplained high fever patients and patients with sudden death should be reported. 3. You should maintain good personal hygiene habits, try to avoid going to crowded places, and wear a mask in time when you go to a medical institution or when you have fever, cough and other related symptoms. 4. If you suspect that you have been in contact with the case, you can take the initiative to report to the local disease control department and obtain professional guidance. Once you have fever, cough, Symptoms such as lymph node pain, hemoptysis, or bleeding should seek immediate medical attention. 5. Minimize contact with wild animals when traveling, do not play with marmots whose health is unknown, prevent flea bites, use repellents, reduce Body exposure and other methods to avoid being bitten by fleas, and do not hunt or eat wild animals without permission. Medical staff should note that bubonic plague should be differentiated from the following diseases:1.Pneumonic plague should be combined with < strong>lobar pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, pulmonary anthrax and other identification. Mainly based on clinical manifestations and pathogenic examination of sputum to identify.