If one were to ask which part of the body is the most vulnerable, breasts must be on the list. Many people’s breasts look sexy and beautiful on the outside, but they’re actually “riddled with holes” on the inside. I don’t usually feel uncomfortable, but after a physical examination, various breast diseases will come: breast hyperplasia, breast nodules, breast cysts, breast fibroadenomas…And the terrible breast cancer, more and more people get it. According to the latest global cancer data released by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2020, the number of new breast cancer cases reached 2.26 million, for the first time. It surpassed lung cancer, andbecame the “No. 1 cancer in the world”.
▲In 2020, the world’s major new cancer types, numbers and proportionsIn my country, the incidence of breast cancer is also not optimistic. , there are about 300,000 new cases every year, and one person is diagnosed with breast cancer every 76 seconds, ranking first in the world.
The number of deaths from breast cancer also remains high, with 680,000 women worldwide dying of breast cancer in 2020. Some actresses we know well, such as Miki Miura, the author of “Cherry Maruko”, singer Yao Beina, A Sang, and Chen Xiaoxu, who plays Lin Daiyu in A Dream of Red Mansions, also died of breast cancer. Although they have good economic conditions for treatment, they are still powerless in the face of breast cancer. In fact, the most important means to reduce breast cancer mortality is early detection and early treatment. Because when the disease is detected early, breast cancer treatment is very effective, with survival rates of 90 percent or higher. According to statistical analysis, the 10-year survival rate of stage Ⅰ breast cancer patients after surgery is close to 80%, while that of stage Ⅲ patients is only 34%. Therefore, female compatriots must pay more attention to breast health. Once the following five situations occur, they must be highly vigilant.
1. Breast lumps are mostly single and qualitative Hard, with irregular edges and less than smooth surface. Most breast cancers are painless lumps, only a few are accompanied by varying degrees of dull or tingling pain.
Photo source/onetuwang2, nipple discharge< /span>Nipple discharge is called nipple discharge if blood, serous fluid, milk, and pus flow from the nipple during non-pregnancy, or if there is still milk flow after stopping breastfeeding for more than half a year. The bloody discharge of unilateral single hole should be further checked, and more attention should be paid if it is accompanied by breast mass. 3. Skin changessuch as sunken skin and orange peel-like changes. 4. Abnormal nipple and areolarecessed or upturned nipple, itchy nipple skin , erosion, ulceration, crusting, scaling, accompanied by burning pain. 5. Axillary lymphadenopathyenlarged lymph nodes are hard, scattered, pushable.
Photo Source/OneMap
It is recommended that female compatriots perform breast self-examination once a month,The time is one week after each menstrual period is clean, and this is the period when the breasts are the softest and tenderest.
Specific self-examination methods:
Look at
breastskin Becomes rough like an “orange peel”, with bumps, ulcers, redness on the surface.
< span>Whether the nipple is retracted or the secretion overflows, do not ignore the replaced underwear and bra, and observe whether there is water or blood on the corresponding position of the nipple.
Two touches
Fingers together, flat on the breast surface, use the palm of the finger to gently flatten Touch the breast with the sticker, check in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, then reduce the radius of the circle and check for 2-3 circles to see if there is any lump or lymphadenopathy in the armpit.
If you feel a breast mass, orange peel-like changes in the breast skin, bulge, ulceration, nipple retraction or exudation (especially bloody fluid), it is recommended to go to the breast cancer department of a regular medical institution as soon as possible Specialist diagnosis and treatment.
However, although daily self-examination can help some women discover breast diseases, it cannot replace necessary physical examinations and related examinations. Because some early Breast cancer is often “deeply hidden” and difficult to detect through self-examination. Therefore, women are advised to go to the hospital for regular breast examinations starting at 20 years of age.
- 20-40 years old: Clinical breast examination once a year, or breast ultrasound examination once a year
- 40 years old ~60 years old: Clinical breast examination once a year, mammography examination once a year, women with dense breasts (less fatty tissue in the breast, more breast tissue) can be combined with breast ultrasound examination
- More than 60 years old: annual mammography examination
especially the following categories of people, who are high risk of breast cancer, must go to the hospital for breast examination regularly .
- Mother or sister with breast cancer
- Persons with firmer breasts
- Persons with specific breast hyperplasia
- menarche earlier than 12 years of age or menopause after age 55
- people who received high doses of radiation to the chest for other diseases
Photo Source/OneMap
p>The annual physical examination, many women will find out breast hyperplasia, at this time, everyone will be concerned about such a problem-
Breast hyperplasia, breast nodules detected by physical examination,
will become cancerous ?
First of all, let’s talk about breast hyperplasia~
Mammary hyperplasia is actually It is a very common disease, it is no exaggeration to say that 9 out of 10 women have it.
Breast tissue is mainly affected by estrogen and progesterone. When the levels of these two hormones increase, the breast tissue will proliferate, and when the hormone levels drop, the breast tissue will shrink. Sometimes, hyperplasia occurs when the hyperplasia does not go away completely. Photo Source/OneMapAccording to the current related research,most breast hyperplasia does not cause cancer, so there is no need to overdo it. worry.
Mammary gland hyperplasia is mostly caused by endocrine disorders caused by negative emotions and poor living habits. Therefore, in fact, the best and most effective way to deal with such breast problems is not to take medicine. Instead, regulate your emotions.
In addition, we should also pay attention to diet and daily life. We should try our best to avoid bad habits such as high-fat and high-calorie diet and staying up late. Let’s talk about breast nodules~
Many people regard breast nodules as a disease, which is actually a diseasemisunderstanding.
It is not a disease in itself, but a morphological manifestation in the breast, such as breast Hyperplasia, cysts, mastitis, etc., and of course breast cancer.
In clinical practice, the vast majority of breast nodules are benign lesions, and the probability of breast cancer is very low. According to literature reported that only 1% to 2% of breast cancer.
Photo Source/OneMap
So, how do you know whether a breast nodule is benign or malignant?
After a breast nodule is detected by ultrasound or mammography (hereinafter referred to as mammography), the doctor will use “breast nodule” according to the imaging appearance of the nodule. Image Reporting and Data System” (hereafter referred to as BI-RADS) for classification (class).
BI-RADS is divided into six grades. The larger the number, the closer the breast cancer is, and the higher the suspicion of malignant disease.
Level 1: span>There are no positive signs clinically, and no abnormality is found in the ultrasound images. It is sufficient to review it once a year;
Grade 2: benign lesions, malignant lesions are basically excluded, and regular re-examination every year is sufficient;
Grade 3: It may be a benign lesion, and the probability of malignancy is ≤2%. It is generally recommended that every 3~ Regular review every 6 months;
Grade 4: There are abnormalities, and the possibility of malignant lesions cannot be completely ruled out (the possibility of such lesions being malignant is 2% to 95%). cGrade III;
A surgical biopsy is generally recommended to clarify the nature of the tumor. Grade 5: The possibility of malignancy is ≥95%, and it is highly suspected of malignancy, and should be actively carried out Biopsy and treat; Grade 6: Malignant lesions confirmed by biopsy, Active treatment measures should be taken.
Finally, I would like to remind all female compatriots that many breast diseases are related to endocrine disorders, and personality and mood are very important to the development of the disease. great influence.
If you want to prevent breast diseases, you must be less angry, especially sulking, is the so-called “for a while, breast hyperplasia, take a step back, breast knots. Festival”, always remember one sentence: Being a human being, the most important thing is to be happy.
-Original by New Media Center of “Chinese Family Doctor” magazine Produced-
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