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April 2022 The 28th National Cancer Prevention Awareness Week was held from May 15th to 21st. The theme of this year’s Awareness Week is “Early Action for Cancer Prevention”, which aims to actively advocate for everyone to do their own health The first responsible person, correctly understand cancer, actively prevent and control cancer, establish the concept of cancer prevention, and take active actions to achieve early prevention, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, and effectively reduce the social harm and disease burden caused by cancer.
On April 14th, the launching ceremony of the 28th National Cancer Prevention and Control Awareness Week was held in Beijing . At the event, the National Cancer Center presented the main methods of cancer screening and early diagnosis and treatment.
He Jie, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the National Cancer Center, and president of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, pointed out at the event ,Early intervention is an important means to effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer. For major chronic diseases such as cancer, “early” means opportunity and life< /span>.
01 Lung Cancer p>
Use low-dose spiral CT (LDCT) for screening.
People at high risk of lung cancer are 40-74 years old and meet any of the following criteria :
(1) Smoking: The number of years of smoking packs≥30 Pack years, including ever smoking ≥ 30 pack years, but less than 15 years after quitting; [smoking pack years = how many packs per day (20 cigarettes per pack) × smoking age (years)]
(2) Passive smoking: living or working in the same room with a smoker for >20 years;
(3) A history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
(4) History of occupational exposure (asbestos, radon, beryllium, chromium, cadmium, nickel, silicon, soot and soot) for at least 1 year;
(5) A first-degree relative diagnosed with lung cancer.
A low-dose helical CT (LDCT) screening should be performed annually for high-risk lung cancer patients.
02 Gastric Cancer
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Gastric endoscopy is preferred, followed byHelicobacter pylori, pepsinogen, gastrin detection.
People at high risk of gastric cancer are those over the age of 40 who have any of the following characteristics:
(1) Helicobacter pylori infection;
(2) Long-term smoking and drinking;
(3)Have a family history of gastric cancer;
(4) living in an area with high incidence of gastric cancer;
(5) Atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric polyps and other symptoms.
People at high risk of gastric cancer should undergo 1 gastroscopy. If there is no abnormality, it is recommended to perform a gastroscopy every 2-3 years; if any abnormality is found, it is recommended to perform a gastroscopy every year.
The high-risk group for esophageal cancer is those over the age of 40 who meet any of the following characteristics :
(1) long-term smoking and drinking;
(2) Have a family history of esophageal cancer;
(3) Living in a country with a high incidence of esophageal cancer Region;
(4) prefer hot food, pickled, rough food;
(5) Symptoms such as repeated acid reflux, dysphagia, foreign body sensation in the esophagus, Barrett’s esophagus, esophagitis or precancerous lesions.
People at high risk of esophageal cancer should receive one endoscopy. If there is no abnormality, it is recommended to perform endoscopy every 2-3 years; if abnormalities are found, it is recommended to perform endoscopy every year.
People aged 40 and above who have 4 or more of the following risk factors are assessed as Colorectal cancer high-risk groups:
(1)Age at age 50 (age above 60 was recorded as two risk factors);
(2 )male;
(3)< /span>Family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives;
(4) Smoke or have ever smoked;
(5) Body mass index ≥ 23.
If the fecal occult blood test is positive, it is directly assessed as a high-risk group for colorectal cancer.
It is recommended that high-risk groups aged 40-75 years receive colorectal cancer screening, and those aged 50-74 years with low- and medium-risk risk Colorectal cancer screening. High-quality colonoscopy every 5-10 years; FIT every year.
05 Breast Cancer:
(1) For high-risk groups and general-risk groups with dense breasts, breast ultrasound combined with mammography is the first choice. Screening; (2) For general risk groups, recommended breast ultrasound screening alone.
Women who meet any of the following criteria 1, 2, and 3 are at high risk for breast cancer:
1. Have a family history of genetics, and have any of the following:
(1) First-degree relatives with breast History of cancer or ovarian cancer;
(2) 2 or more breast cancer patients in second-degree relatives before the age of 50;< /span>
(3) Two or more second-degree relatives with ovarian cancer before the age of 50;
(4) At least one first-degree relative carries a known BRCA1/2 gene pathogenic genetic mutationmutation; or carry a pathogenic genetic mutation in the BRCA1/2 gene.
2. Have any of the following:
(1) age at menarche ≤ 12 years old;
(2) Menopause age ≥55 years old;
< p>(3) History of breast biopsy or surgery for benign breast disease, or history of pathologically proven breast (lobular or duct) dysplasia;
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(4) Hormone replacement therapy using “estrogen-progestin combination” for ≥6 months;
(5) Mammography after the age of 45 showed that the breast parenchyma (or breast density) type was inhomogeneous dense or dense.
3. Have any two of the following:
(1) No history of breastfeeding or breastfeeding time <4 months;
(2) No history of live birth (including never childbirth, miscarriage, stillbirth) or age of first live birth ≥30 years old ;
(3) Hormone replacement therapy using only “estrogen” for ≥6 months; p>
(4) Abortion (including spontaneous abortion and induced abortion) ≥ 2 times.
High-risk groups should have annual breast cancer screening starting at the age of 40; women with average breast cancer risk are Breast cancer screening should be performed every 1-2 years for all women of appropriate age except those in the high-risk group for breast cancer, and in the average-risk group 45-70 years old.
06 Liver Cancer
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The first choice is serum alpha-fetoprotein detection combined with abdominal ultrasonography.
High-risk groups for liver cancer are men 45-74 years old and women 50-74 years old years old and meet any of the following conditions:
(1) Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) Positive;
(2) History of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection;
(3) History of liver cirrhosis;
(4) A first- or second-degree relative with a history of liver cancer.
It is recommended that high-risk groups undergo serum alpha-fetoprotein detection combined with abdominal ultrasonography, and further determine the diagnosis, treatment and re-examination plan based on the comprehensive results .
For high-risk groups of liver cancer, regular examinations should be done every six months; for normal people, including those without hepatitis background An annual health check-up is still required.
Source: Health Times