According to historical records, the Greeks were the first to develop the Crimean Peninsula. After the fourth and fifth centuries AD, immigrants from the Eastern Roman Empire continued to enter the area. In the 13th century, the Mongol army invaded Crimea, and the peninsula became part of the Golden Horde. With the decline of the Golden Horde, in 1443, the Crimean Khanate was established, and its territory included the Crimea Peninsula, the north coast of the Black Sea, the coast of the Sea of Azov and the Kuban area.
In 1478, Crimea became a possession of the Ottoman Empire, and Tsarist Russia had long coveted the Crimea peninsula. Tsar Ivan IV launched three expeditions, trying to annex the Crimea Peninsula by force and open up the Black Sea to the sea, but all ended in failure. Until the time of Empress Catherine II, Russia defeated Ottoman Turkey in the Russo-Turkish War from 1768 to 1774, forcing Ottoman Turkey to recognize the independence of the Crimean Khanate.
In 1783, the Crimean Peninsula was formally incorporated into the Russian territory. After the October Revolution, on October 18, 1921, the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic was established and became the One of the components of the Russian Federation In 1944, Stalin moved the people of the Crimea Peninsula to Central Asia on the grounds of collusion with the Nazis, causing a large number of deaths.
On June 25, 1946, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation adopted the “On the abolition of the Chechen-Ingushet Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the reform of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Autonomy” The decree of the Republic of Crimea Oblast, downgraded the Autonomous Republic of Crimea to the Crimea Oblast, still under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. The forced relocation not only brought unbearable psychological pain to the Tashi people, but also deteriorated the relationship between the Soviet government and the shoe people, and also seriously affected the economic development of the Crimean Peninsula.
On February 19, 1954, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the merger of Russia and Ukraine, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ordered the Crimea Oblast to be transferred from the Russian Federation to Ukraine. In January 1990, the people of the Crimean Peninsula decided to restore the “Crimea Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic” after a referendum. The capital was Simferopol, which was still under the jurisdiction of Ukraine.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the status of the Crimean Peninsula quickly became a hot topic of debate between Russia and Ukraine. The issue of the ownership of the Crimean Peninsula was first raised by Russia, and its main purpose was to put pressure on Ukraine to make concessions on the issue of the ownership of the Black Sea Fleet. According to the “Minsk Agreement” signed by the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991, countries should “respect each other’s territorial integrity and the inviolability of existing borders”, but on January 23, 1992 the Russian parliament passed a resolution calling for a reconsideration of the Russian Federation Supreme Soviet.
Whether the decision of April 26, 1954 to assign Crimea Oblast from the Russian Federation to Ukraine is in line with the Constitution of the Russian Federation With 18 votes in favor, 18 against, and 20 abstentions, the “Resolution on Legal Evaluation of the Resolution of the Highest State Body of Russia’s 1954 Change of the Status of Crimea” was passed. The resolution pointed out that the “Decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation on the transfer of Crimea from the territory of the Russian Federation to Ukraine” in February 1954 violated the constitution and legal procedures, and will no longer have legal effect from the date of adoption of the resolution.
Taking into account the fact that later laws recognized this fact, and on November 9, 1990, Russia and Ukraine signed a treaty with no territorial claims, and this principle has been written into the CIS Therefore, the Supreme Soviet of Russia considered it necessary to resolve this issue through negotiations between Russia and Ukraine in accordance with the will of the people of Crimea with the participation of the representative body of Crimea) Russia demanded that Ukraine should respect Kerry The will of the people in Mia, do not suppress the political will of the people, let alone use force against Crimea. (On July 9, 1993, the Russian parliament passed another decree on the withdrawal of Sevastopol, an important naval base in Crimea.