The danger of triglycerides is underestimated, above this value should be used

Data shows that 1/3 of adults in my country have dyslipidemia. That is, one out of every three adults around us is hit.

Blood lipids actually include two components: triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol. A lot of people focus on cholesterol and don’t know much about triglycerides.

The Lancet-Diabetes and Endocrinology recently published a review article detailing the possible causes of elevated triglycerides. Various metabolic disorders.

Life Times interviewed experts based on this discussion, telling you the dangers of high triglycerides, and recommending a set of “scientific regulation methods”.

Experts Interviewed< /p>

Yu Zaixin, Chief Physician, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University

Guo Yifang, Vice President of Hebei Provincial People’s Hospital and Chief Physician of the Department of Geriatric Cardiovascular Medicine< /span>

What are triglycerides?

Triglycerides are actually fats, the scientific name for “oils.”

Clinically it is used as an important indicator, which is closely related to total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, commonly known as “” “good cholesterol”), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, commonly known as “bad cholesterol”) side by side, becoming the basic item of “blood lipid test”.

Of the four indicators, the most easily affected by diet is triglycerides: as long as dietary fat intake A little more, the triglyceride level will rise; conversely, reduce the intake of high-fat food, and the value will fall.

The main function of triglycerides is to supply and store energy, as well as fix and protect internal organs. It comes from two main sources:

1. The gut absorbs fat from food and turns it into Triglycerides;
3. Human liver and fat, autonomous Synthetic triglycerides.

Triglyceride levels are generally influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Even if some people control their diet properly, their ability to metabolize triglycerides will increase due to their reduced ability to metabolize triglycerides. Acquired factors are mostly due to a large amount of fat in the diet, or secondary to other diseases, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, etc.

High triglycerides, systemic metabolic disorder

This article published in The Lancet-Diabetes and Endocrinology emphasizes that hypertriglyceridemia is often accompanied by a variety of metabolic abnormalities, especially triglyceride People with elevated esters and large waist circumference:

risk of atherosclerosis↑

Triglycerides in plasma are present in chylomicrons, lipoprotein particles (eg very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) , will participate in the metabolism of cholesterol in the human body.

Excessive triglycerides may cause atherosclerosis. Specifically:

• Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, some of which directly contribute to atherosclerosis;
• Other lipoprotein abnormalities associated with hypertriglyceridemia, such as low or dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL), may also contribute to atherosclerosis.

insulin resistance ↑

Obeese, type 2 diabetics are more likely to develop hypertriglyceridemia. These populations are generally insulin resistant.

and certain markers of hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome have been shown to predate the onset of type 2 diabetes, and Can predict the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes.

Inflammation risk↑

The changes in the metabolic environment associated with hypertriglyceridemia are also associated with acute and chronic inflammation.

Concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, for example, are abnormally elevated after meals and cause inflammation through a variety of mechanisms.

Risk of abnormal blood pressure↑

Hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension share multiple mechanisms, including weight gain and visceral obesity.

Pro-inflammatory factors in patients with hypertriglyceridemia are also indirectly related to cardiovascular damage.

procoagulant state↑

The article highlights that increased concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein produced by the liver are associated with a procoagulant state. Increased serum fibrinogen is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, and fibrates have been shown to reduce both triglyceride and fibrinogen concentrations.

Hypertriglyceridemia was also associated with increased concentrations of procoagulant phospholipids and thrombin.

Fatty liver risk↑

Hypertriglyceridemia is also common in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The liver is the main source of triglyceride lipoproteins in the human body. Abnormal metabolism of triglycerides by the liver can lead to hypertriglyceridemia; and increased hepatic lipogenesis can in turn promote the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Is there a critical point for taking medicine

Under normal circumstances, the range of triglycerides is between 0.56~1.7 mmol/L, the lower the better.

However, the criterion for the diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia is ≥2.26 mmol/L. In other words, hypertriglyceridemia is defined as triglycerides exceeding 2.26 mmol/L.

When this index is between 1.7 and 2.26 mmol/L, it is called edge elevation.

< span>Patients with hypertriglyceridemia with a clear etiology should be treated according to the etiology. First of all, improve the lifestyle. If the diet control and exercise for a period of time are still not up to the standard, then drug treatment is recommended.

At this time, the principle of drug application for patients is: p>

• Fibrates should be prioritized when a patient’s triglyceride level is ≥5.6 mmol/L;

< li data-track="62">For patients with cardiovascular disease, after 2-3 months of lifestyle improvement and statin therapy, the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has reached the standard, but the triglyceride is ≥2.3 mmol/L , the addition of fibrates should be considered.

People with severely elevated triglycerides may draw blood that looks white and is called chyle.

Plasma from normal subjects (left) and plasma from patients with hypertriglyceridemia (right) p>

How to reduce triglyceride levels?

Hyperlipidemia in foreigners is mainly due to increased cholesterol; In humans, hyperlipidemia is mainly caused by elevated triglycerides, which is greatly affected by diet and exercise.

The side effects of increased triglycerides can build up. Even if someone does not smoke and has normal blood pressure and weight, as long as the triglyceride levels are exceeded for a long time, the cardiovascular and metabolic status will still be threatened.

1

Controlling fat intake

fried foods contain A lot of fat, should not eat too much. Also, keep your weight under control, with a BMI of 24 or less.

Learn about the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet is mainly composed of fruits and vegetables, nuts, beans, whole grains, etc. The oil is mainly olive oil, and the meat is mainly fish and poultry.

2

Less Sweets

High triglycerides People are very sensitive to sugars, which can increase triglycerides.

Manfred Sandler, a cardiologist at Cardiovascular in Atlanta, USA, said: “I stick to a plant-based diet. , eat moderate amounts of protein, and avoid starches and processed sugars. This will not only keep cholesterol and triglyceride levels normal, but also aid in weight loss.”

3

Reasonably reduce stress and regulate emotions< /span>

Stress triggers an adrenaline-triglyceride response that increases LDL cholesterol levels.

Patients with hyperlipidemia should take time to stay in a daze for 5 minutes when they are busy, or go outdoors to relax and do some meditation and yoga exercises.

In terms of work and life, set realistic goals, release pressure appropriately, arrange work and life reasonably, and give yourself more rest and relaxation. entertainment time.

4

Avoid sedentary periods

Develop regular exercise Habits can help speed up the breakdown of triglycerides. It is recommended to do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise 3 to 5 times a week, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, etc. ▲

Editor of this issue: Zheng Ronghua

Source of this article: Life Times