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Bladder cancer, originating from the bladder mucosa, is the most common cancer of the urinary system. The most common pathological type is urothelial cell carcinoma, which accounts for more than 90% of bladder cancers. In recent decades, the incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in my country have been on the rise.
Bladder Cancer Diagram
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Major risk factors for bladder cancer
Currently known risk factors for bladder cancer Mainly in the following aspects:
1. Aging: The older you are, the higher the risk of bladder cancer.
2. Smoking.
3. Occupational exposure to aromatic amines (dye, chemical, rubber industries).
4. Drink water that contains arsenic.
5. History of bladder infection.
6. Family history of bladder cancer.
Recommended precautions for bladder cancer
1. Quit smoking.
2. Drink safe water.
3. Avoid occupational exposure to aromatic amines.
4. Avoid aristolochic acid intake.
Be aware of clinical symptoms of bladder cancer
Over 90% of bladder cancer patients have early clinical symptoms of hematuria, usually painless gross hematuria, and sometimes microscopic hematuria. A small number of patients have bladder irritation signs in the early stage, which are frequency, urgency, dysuria and dysuria.
Recommended treatments for bladder cancer< /p>
Bladder cancer can be divided into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Currently the preferred method for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is transurethral resection of bladder tumorplus Postoperative adjuvant intravesical instillation (chemotherapy and immunotherapy). The preferred method for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Transurethral resection of bladder tumors not only has a diagnostic effect, but also has a therapeutic effect, and can be radically treated according to the pathological characteristics of the tumor.
Bladder Cancer Questions and Answers
1. Who are at high risk for bladder cancer?
The high-risk groups for bladder cancer mainly include:
① age 50 years old Above;
② long-term engaged in dyes, leather, metal machinery manufacturing, organic chemistry Workers in raw material industries and long-term contact with carcinogens such as α-naphthylamine, β-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl;
③ Those with a family history of bladder cancer.
2. Is smoking related to bladder cancer?
smokingsmoking is currently the most certain risk of bladder cancer The study found that smoking was strongly associated with bladder cancer, and was dose-response relationship with smoking amount and smoking age.
3. Does regular use of hair dyes containing aromatic amines increase the risk of bladder cancer?
The use of hair dyes is a potential source of exposure to aromatic amines, while chronic exposure toAromatic amine chemicals can increase the risk of bladder cancer. Multiple studies have shown an increased risk of bladder cancer among barbers with occupational exposure to hair dye, but the relationship between personal use of hair dye and bladder cancer is debated.
4. Why are men more prone to bladder cancer?
Research shows that the incidence of bladder cancer in men is 2 to 4 times higher than in women. This may be related to long-term smoking in men, occupational exposure to certain chemicals (such as aromatic amines), or that women’s risk of bladder cancer is reduced due to pregnancy and hormonal changes.
5. Which foods can prevent bladder cancer?
No food can prevent bladder cancer, the key is to develop good habits. For example, eating more fresh vegetables, fruits and whole grains, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and avoiding unhealthy lifestyles such as staying up late and sedentary are all beneficial to reduce the risk of bladder cancer.
6. Should I participate in bladder cancer screening? How to screen?
Currently, there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of bladder cancer screening, and bladder cancer screening in the general population is not recommended. However, for high-risk groups, it is recommended to perform urine cytology examinations 1-2 times a year, and pelvic ultrasound, cystoscopy, pelvic CT and MRI examinations can be performed when necessary.
7. Is cystoscopy necessary in the diagnosis of bladder cancer?
When a patient has frequent urination, urgency, especially with hematuria, even if there is no abnormality in ultrasound, CT or MRI, be highly alert to the risk of bladder cancer,< /strong>It is recommended that the patient undergo further cystoscopy.
Cystoscopy diagram
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Health Knowledge Focus”
Cystoscopyis not only the gold standard for diagnosing bladder cancer, but also for treating bladder cancer very important means of cancer.
8. What diseases should bladder cancer be differentiated from?
Urinary system infection, kidney, ureteral stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia and other diseases can also show symptoms similar to bladder cancer. If the urine is light red and frequent urination , urinary urgency, dysuria and other symptoms, must seek medical treatment in time, The doctor can make differential diagnosis through urine cytology examination, cystoscopy and other examinations to avoid delay in treatment.
9. Is bladder cancer curable?
Because of the obvious early symptoms of bladder cancer, more than 80% of bladder cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, which can usually be treated by cystoscopy or laser resection. . However, bladder cancer is characterized by a high recurrence rate. However, 80% to 90% of patients with recurrence can be cured by repeated surgery and postoperative perfusion therapy.
Content source: “Guidelines for Cancer Prevention and Screening (Science Edition)” published by People’s Health Publishing House
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Guide by the National Health Commission for Disease Control and Prevention
Organized by the National Cancer Center
Editor-in-Chief: Hejie
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