內容目錄
Rao Yi scolded BGI CEO Yin Ye,
Criticized it is a big fudge,
probiotics are all fake drugs ?
On July 23, Rao Yi, President of Capital Medical University, forwarded “Yin Ge chatting about genes” in the circle of friends The content of the “Life Cognition” video number directly refers to what Yin Ye, CEO of BGI, a listed company, said is“pseudoscience”and” utterly stupid”.
July 24-27, for 4 consecutive days, the articles published by Rao Yi on his public account also targeted span>pointed to Yin Ye, claiming“He is a fake scientist, a real consignee, who only uses one mouth to fool around. The probiotics promoted by Yin Ye are fake drugs. All of the probiotics that are being promoted are fake drugs. Although the research on intestinal bacteria is very popular, there is no effective product so far.”
< img class="content_title" height="300" layout="responsive" sizes="(min-width: 320px) 320px, 100vw" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/9cac90fPM8NVCu9XwhdjsxkTLpQEzJEO9ywJJRBjth0dicNzJtYPMd0ibF4yXGg2MBGLUwu2GDEM28D7cON" width" ="600">
Rao Yi (right);Yin Ye (left)Rao Yi has always been regarded as a daredevil in the industry In response to the remarks made by Yin Ye, the CEO of BGI, a scholar who speaks the truth and recklessly recklessly posted a “bombardment” on the WeChat public account “Rao Yi Science”, saying:“I saw it. Several Yin Ye videos, it turns out that there are many mistakes, basically all of them have mistakes, but some mistakes need to know some professionals.” > Some people may be curious, what did Yin Ye say to make Rao Yi so angry for several days?
It is understood that Yin Ye has 896,000 followers on Weibo, and his personal WeChat public account “Yin Ge Liao Gene” has 563 articles. In addition, on short video social media, Yin Ye has 2.688 million followers and has published 453 works. He can be regarded as an “Internet celebrity” in the popular science world.
Yin Ye’s popular science content on major platforms is not limited tolife sciences, but also includes< span>Parenting, metaverse, weight loss, telepathy, health and longevity and other topics. And Yin Ye’s videos are often full of well-known elites and celebrities, such as Wu Jun, Yu Minhong, and Dou Wentao.
In fact, in response to what Yin Ye mentioned earlier“drinking Wanglaoji can prolong life by 10%” and “rabies patients have been sequenced by BGI gene” Technology and hospital treatment can be cured” and other related topics, Rao Yi has published several articles criticizing him, scolding him “ashamed of his doctoral degree”< span>, and questioned the authenticity of his Ph.D.
This time, when speaking for her own probiotic “Yida Probiotics”, Yin Ye said in the video: It is a good helper for social events. BGI colleagues often bring this probiotic when they socialize. When they have to drink, they should take a bag before drinking, and take a bag after drinking a few glasses. After drinking 8 cups and 10 cups, another bag will still make you feel different from before.
Seeing these remarks, Rao Yi couldn’t sit still any longer, and wrote a long article on the evening of the 26th, saying, “Yin Ye is irresponsible in China, Unscientific attitude, contrary to scientific conventions, very imprecise, in the name of science to make demagogic nonsense on a wide range, far beyond his knowledge. Jeff Gordon, the first person in the world to study intestinal bacteria, is me Colleagues at the University of Washington School of Medicine. If the Nobel Prize is to be awarded, he is recognized as one of the three people who have no objection, and may be the first.None of his research has been put into practical application. , he has not found the bacteria he is looking for to lose weight, and others are talking nonsense.”
added, “The gut microbiome prospect is intriguing, but ‘still work’. Whether Yin Ye will be alerted by being criticized, or will he slip further and further on the wrong road, go through the flickering to the end, or not flicker himself to the point of complete failure and not stop, this is his own choice. ”
One stone stirred up a thousand waves, and now, The discussion about whether probiotics are beneficial to health and whether it is a scam is completely hot The whole network.
What is the truth about probiotics, we dare not make a rash judgment, but maybe we can find some clues from many cutting-edge scientific research.< /p>
Probiotic health mechanisms and benefits are highly controversial
science: probiotics can regulate intestinal tract flora, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis, resisting environmental aggression, and reducing the risk of sepsis
Why do many doctors and scholars understand the role and mechanism of probiotics There is a lot of controversy? This is mostly due to the fact thatsome of the current scientific research results have also appeared contradictory, ambiguous and often unconvincing.
< p>In addition, in the absence of experimental and evidence-based medical evidence, probiotics seem to be blown as a miracle drug, and the widespread publicity in society is: These products not only regulate the Intestinal flora, treat gastrointestinal diseases, solve constipation and diarrhea problems, enhance immunity, and also beautify, detoxify, lose weight, and delay aging.
Too many effects It is inevitable that people will doubt its effectiveness and safety, and the controversy will arise as the times require.
Let’s put aside the controversy and take a look at the scientific research in recent years. The result.
In the middle of last year, a research team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University published an article entitled“Mucosal immunity–mediated modulation” on Science Advances of the gut microbiome by oral delivery of probiotics into Peyer’s patches”.
The study showsan oral probiotic that was shown to promote gut immune health in mice and was associated with Human prevention and treatment of various diseases resulting from disruption of the gut microbial ecosystem has pointed the way.
It is worth mentioning that the study used a method of modulating the gut microbiota by eliciting mucosal immunity by orally delivering live probiotics into Peyer’s patch.
To escape the harsh acidic environment in the gastrointestinal tract, such as stomach acid and bile salts, which can lead to unstable and even more bacteria inactivated. The researchers solved this conundrum by camouflaging beneficial bacteria individually within yeast membranes (YMs) through the physical action of porous membranes.
After oral ingestion, the coated bacteria promote Dectin-1 receptor-mediated phagocytosis of M cells distributed in the intestinal epithelium and effectively degrade live bacteria. Delivery to lymphoid follicles enhanced mucosal immune responses,and significantly increased secretory immunoglobulin A production, which was reflected in sIgA, dendritic cells (DCs), CD4 T cells and IgA B cell levels were significantly elevated.
As expected, coating with YM improved the survival rate of both complete and uncoated EcN bacteria in gastric acid. Inactivation is a stark contrast. YMs both enhance probiotic resistance against gastric injury and deliver live bacteria into PP via M cells, thereby promoting a robust mucosal immune response, positively modulating the microbiome and maintaining gut homeostasis.
The final results show that the immunity stimulated by can positively regulate the intestinal flora, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis and resisting environmental aggression. In two mouse models of intestinal barrier dysfunction, oral probiotics effectively prevented disruption of intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammation.
However, the results of the study were later called into question.
Scholars Elisabeth M Bik and Bastian V. H. Hornung pointed out that there areIVSI in vivo imaging images too similar, overlapping images, similar data, and suspected detection bacteria Group pollution and other issues. Up to now, the author has not made any reply to the above questions.
Doubt: IVSI live image is too similar
Question: There are suspected image overlaps
In addition, several other studies in science seem to revealprobiotics and The association between a lower risk of sepsis.
In mice, probiotics have been shown to suppress lethal bacteria in the gut, either by stimulating the immune system or by directly killing these bacteria , such as Salmonella, and thus benefit patients. However, it is unclear whether probiotics can also help fight systemic infections outside the gut.
Here, Pipat Piewngam and colleagues The effects of probiotics onEnterococcus faecalis, a bacterium that often causes lethal antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals, were investigated.< /p>
The researchers first studied a mouse model of infection and found that bacteria penetrate the gut lining and use an intercellular communication system called Fsr quorum sensing. The systemand an enzyme called GeIE enter the bloodstream.
However, in Oral doses of probioticBacillus subtilisspores given to mice prior to exposure to E. faecalis blocked the gene encoding GeIE and prevented systemic infection.
Piewngam et al. say these findings may help explain why previous reports have linkedprobiotics to a lower risk of sepsis.
NEJM: Probiotics may improve depression, but not in children with acute gastroenteritis
NEJM also published an important study last year:< span>Evidence That the Gut Microbiome Is Linked to Major Depressive Disorder, revealing evidence of an association between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder.
Once, some small-scale studies have found that the gut microbiota is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD ), but these studies have been questioned, mainly because the mechanisms by which gut bacteria affect brain chemistry are unclear. To further investigate this association, the research team studied 311 stool samples from MDD patients and healthy controls.
This study found that 47 bacteria, 3 bacteriophages and 50 metabolites in feces were significantly associated with MDD. In another set of stool samples, the researchers were able to identify MDD with high accuracy from healthy controls using a combination of these biomarkers. Most importantly, the gut bacterial metabolites associated with MDD are molecules that enter the bloodstream from the gut and affect neurochemistry (eg, gamma-aminobutyric acid, phenylalanine, tryptophan). ).
These findings provide new evidence that our health may be profoundly affected by our gut microbiome, and may help us develop treatments or treatments. Methods to prevent MDD (prebiotics or probiotics).
But for acute gastroenteritis in children, another NEJM studyProbiotics in Children with Gastroenteritis< span> showed that compound probiotics were ineffective against acute gastroenteritis in children.
A randomized, double-blind trial of six pediatric 886caseschildren with gastroenteritis between 3 and 48 months of age who were treated at the ED.
Participants received a combined probiotic product containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus (strain number R0011) and Lactobacillus helveticus (strain number R0052) twice daily 4.0×10^9 colony forming units each time) or placebo for 5 days.
108 (26.1%) of 414 participants in the probiotic group and 102 of 413 (24.7%) in the placebo group were enrolled 14 Moderate to severe gastroenteritis occurred within the day (P = 0.72).
The final study showed that there was no significant difference between the probiotics group and the placebo groupprobiotics had no medicinal effect!
Cell: Two studies suggest probiotics may not help restore normal gut flora span>
Compared with Science research results, two studies on probiotics published in Cell journals The results of the study were very different in terms of gut microbiota!
Cell when reporting on the two studies Says: From chocolate to pickles, to hand sanitizer and baby formula, the inclusion of probiotics has become a selling point, and millions of people, both in the East and the West, are buying probiotic supplements to boost their digestive health. This is based on some previous scientific research, but the latest research suggests that probiotics may not be as effective as we thought.
In the study, Eran, an immunologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel According to the research team led by Elinav, through a series of experiments in the human gut, they found that:
Standard probiotics actually fail to colonize the digestive tract of many people. Also, taking probiotics to counteract the effects of antibiotics actually delays the return of normal gut bacteria and gut gene expression to their original state.
In the study, 25 volunteers underwent upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. The researchers sampled the baseline microbiome in their gut area, and then the volunteers were were divided into two groups:
The first group received a generic probiotic strain, while the second group received a placebo. Both groups received the second rounds of examinations to assess internal responses, followed by a 2-month follow-up.
Researchers found thatprobiotics in the gastrointestinal tract of a small number of people Daozhong successfully colonized, which is the “persist” ers, Biological Translator)”,while the gastrointestinal tract of other “resisters” expels the ingested microbiota.
The results are surprising, Many healthy volunteers are actually resistant and probiotics cannot colonize their GI tract . This suggests that probiotics should not be used as a ‘one-size-fits-all’ supplement. Instead, this may need to be tailored to each individual’s needs.
The above is where the health benefits of probiotics are quite controversial in scientific research. The efficacy of aging, weight loss, and sleep aid, there is currently no research that can corroborate it from evidence-based medicine. Perhaps the identity of “national food health word” is the best interpretation of it.
References:
[1]. Mucosal immunity–mediated modulation of the gut microbiome by oral delivery of probiotics into Peyer’s patches[2].Evidence That the Gut Microbiome Is Linked to Ma jor Depressive Disorder[3].Probiotics in Children with Gastroenteritis[4].Personalized Gut Mucosal Colonization Resistance
to Empiric Probiotics Is Associated with Unique Host
and Microbiome FeaturesWriting | Alaska TreasureEditor | Alaska Treasure
Click “Read the original text” Download the Mace Medical APP