With a pregnant mother at home, diet during pregnancy has naturally become the focus of the whole family. The strange thing is that the relatives and friends who are usually busy dancing square dancing and playing mahjong, and relying on the daily nutrition knowledge to repost on the circle of friends have suddenly become “experts”, and have turned on the 3D surround brainwashing for the pregnant mother:
Source: Zhanku Hailuo
Before pregnancy, the things that fly in the sky and swim in the water are all things in our mouths. Once we are pregnant with a baby, the food we usually eat seems to suddenly become a flood of beasts.
Source: Tencent Medical Illustrator
Are those “diet taboos” rumored on the Internet really credible? What are the things that pregnant mothers can’t really eat?
First, the “pregnant women taboo diet” rumored on the Internet is not reliable
In addition to crabs, hawthorn, and lychees that cannot be eaten, even seasonings such as peppercorns, star anise, cinnamon, fennel, etc. are not immune… The list of “diet taboos” spread on the Internet is too much, said It’s straightforward, but it’s really unreliable.
The immunity of pregnant mothers is worse than before pregnancy. In order to protect the normal development of themselves and the baby, it is indeed necessary to avoid some foods in the diet.
Source: Zhanku Hailuo
However, medically speaking, the main cause of miscarriage is chromosomal abnormalities, and the chance of miscarriage in healthy pregnant mothers is very low. Moreover, in terms of dietary structure, doctors usually emphasize more on supplementing certain types of nutrients rather than taboos.
With such a sophisticated structure of the human body, a wide and complex diet is required to meet its needs. Pregnant mothers are no exception. Blind dietary restrictions may cause malnutrition.
But this does not mean that pregnant mothers can have no taboos in their diet. While omnivorous, the amount must be well controlled. It is too much to go too far, and even eating too much of the best food will easily cause problems.
Two, these foods are really dangerous
1. Alcohol or food containing alcohol is contraindicated
During heavy drinking during pregnancy, alcohol can be passed to the baby through the placenta. Because the baby’s liver is not fully developed, it cannot process or decompose alcohol. Therefore, if the pregnant mother consumes too much alcohol during pregnancy, it will Damage to the organs of the fetus is also dangerous to the pregnant mother itself. Excessive drinking during pregnancy may also cause a variety of congenital malformations, the severity of which is related to the dose of alcohol exposure and gestational age.
If the pregnant mother just accidentally took a mouthful of boozy chocolate, don’t worry too much. A small amount of alcohol can be metabolized by the pregnant mother through the liver, and the alcohol enters the fetus through the placenta. will cause too many problems.
But if you want to be greedy, for the health of yourself and your baby, let’s endure it, including drunk crabs, drunk shrimps and other foods must control the amount.
Source: Zhanku Hailuo
2. Raw and cold food may be contaminated with germs
Raw and cold foods may contain Listeria, Salmonella, Toxoplasma and other parasites that are more dangerous to pregnant mothers than to normal healthy people.
For example, Listeria monocytogenes, most healthy people infected with this bacteria may cause diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms within 1 to 2 days, and once pregnant mothers are infected with Listeria monocytogenes The bacteria may lead to complications such as miscarriage and stillbirth, and the fetal/neonatal mortality rate is as high as 30%.
Recently, a pregnant mother in Xi’an lost her “two treasures” after eating leftovers infected with Listeria.
Source: Screenshot of People.cn
The following foods are named, pregnant mothers should pay attention:
・Cold processed meats: such as cold ham, bacon, hot dogs, cold lunch meat, etc.
・Raw or undercooked duck, chicken, etc., raw seafood (such as sashimi), undercooked steak, refrigerated smoked seafood, meat sauce (foie gras), etc.
・Fresh salads, no clean raw vegetables.
・raw milk (such as milk, goat’s milk), soft and semi-soft cheeses. Generally speaking, the milk we drink is pasteurized or high-temperature sterilized, so there is no need to worry too much, but pay attention to some foreign cheeses, such as “Mexican style” cheese, and check whether they have been pasteurized before purchasing.
・Raw eggs and foods containing raw egg ingredients, such as salad dressings, semi-finished dough for baking, tiramisu, ice cream, homemade mayonnaise, etc.
Therefore, you must fully heat the food before you can eat it, especially if you eat hot pot and steak, you must ensure that the meat is fully cooked before eating.
At this point, there may be pregnant mothers who have questions. Can sashimi be eaten? Of course it is possible, as long as the sashimi you eat is fresh, free of pollution and parasites.
Image source: Zhanku Hailuo
3. Marine fish high in mercury
“Eat more fish during pregnancy” is a dietary advice that many pregnant mothers have heard, and it does make sense.
In the 2015 guidelines of the Chinese Maternal and Infant DHA Consensus Expert Group, it is recommended that pregnant women consume at least 200 mg/day of DHA[1], thereby promoting fetal brain and vision. development. DHA is high in fish, especially deep-sea fish. Therefore, it is necessary for pregnant mothers to eat fish 2 to 3 times a week to supplement DHA.
But not all fish benefit. Fish with higher mercury levels can damage your baby’s brain and nervous system development and may lead to lower IQs later in life.
Source: Screenshot from the website of the Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety
So what fish do you recommend? Salmon, mullet, sea bass, saury, cod, osmanthus fish, dace, big eye chicken, pomfret, flounder, eel, etc. are all good ingredients to supplement DHA.
Third, these three types of food should also be eaten with caution
1. Animal liver, cod liver oil
Animal liver and cod liver oil are rich in vitamin A. Excessive intake of vitamin A by pregnant mothers may lead to fetal malformations. Therefore, even if pregnant mothers are supplementing iron, these foods should not be too much Eat, the daily intake of 15g ~ 20g is relatively safe. Plant-derived vitamin A, such as carrots and spinach, does not increase the risk of teratogenicity and can be eaten with confidence.
2. High-fat and high-calorie foods such as fried, grilled, and smoked
These kinds of foods are often high in calories. Excessive intake of fat and calories will bring risks such as obesity and gestational diabetes to pregnant mothers. Therefore, pregnant mothers who love high-calorie diets are pregnant. Just stop talking.
3. Caffeinated foods
Caffeine-containing foods such as tea, coffee, some functional drinks, and chocolate should also be noted. Caffeine is likely to be closely related to low birth weight of the fetus [2], but pregnant mothers drink Coffee isn’t a complete taboo, just don’t overdo it. So, how much is not too much? The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant mothers consume less than 200 mg/day. [3]
In general, the diet during pregnancy should be moderate and varied, and the overall intake should emphasize variety. Then there is the light diet, with as little oil, salt and sugar as possible. For the rest, pregnant mothers should eat what you like.
Image source: Zhanku Hailuo
References:
[1] Expert Group on DHA Supplementation for Maternal and Infant and Young Children in China. Expert Consensus on DHA Supplementation for Chinese Maternal and Infant and Young Children [J]. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2015(2).
[2] Qin Hongli, Fang Weigang. Research progress of caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight neonates [J]. Chinese Journal of General Practitioners, 2017(8).
p>
[3] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Available at: https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee -Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Moderate-Caffeine-Consumption-During-Pregnancy?IsMobileSet=false (Reaffirmed 2018)
*The content of this article is for the popularization of health knowledge and cannot be used as a specific diagnosis and treatment suggestion, nor can it replace the face-to-face consultation of a licensed physician, and is for reference only.
*The copyright of this article belongs to Tencent Medical Dictionary. Unauthorized reprinting by media is prohibited. Illegal reprinting will be investigated for legal responsibility according to law. Individuals are welcome to forward to the circle of friends.