About 700,000 cases of myocardial infarction occur in my country every year. In the past, most of them were middle-aged and elderly people over 60 years old. In recent years, more and more young people have appeared on the “shortlist for myocardial infarction” “middle.
On April 25, a 21-year-old college student in Xi’an The pressure of study led to mental stress, anxiety and insomnia. After a lot of smoking and drinking for many days, acute myocardial infarction was induced; on March 20, Bai Xiaohui, a clinical medical examination expert, died of sudden cardiac death due to ineffective rescue of sudden cardiac death. 42 years old…
Life Times(Search “LT0385” in WeChat to follow) Interview experts and give young people a set of “4321” formulas to prevent myocardial infarction.
Experts interviewed
Department of Cardiology, Aviation General Hospital, China Medical University II Ward Director and Chief Physician Dong Peng
Chief Physician of Cardiology Department of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Li Jian
Peking University People Chief Physician of Cardiology Department of Hospital Liu Jian
Myocardial infarction in young people may be more dangerous than old people
Myocardial infarction is showing a younger trend. According to the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, the number of sudden cardiac death in my country is as high as 550,000 every year, of which 43% are under the age of 40.
In fact, heart attacks can be more dangerous in young people than in old people.
Youth vascular plaque is more unstable
Younger vascular plaque is more unstable and easy to fall off.
The plaque ruptures suddenly under the action of some predisposing factors, forming a thrombus, which will cause complete occlusion of the blood vessel. Critical situations such as sexual shock.
From left to right: normal artery, lipid pattern/fibrous plaque, atheroma Plaque, plaque rupture, thrombosis
lack of “myocardial ischemic preconditioning”
< p>The elderly often have multiple vascular lesions, which are as rusty as old water pipes. Long-term myocardial ischemia is prone to repeated angina pectoris as a warning.
In young people, the underlying coronary artery lesions were mild before the onset of the disease, with a single branch, mostly unstable soft plaques, and no obvious stenosis, so the heart could not be established. Self-protection mechanisms such as collateral circulation between blood vessels.
Which young people are most vulnerable to myocardial infarction?
Recently, a study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that the incidence of myocardial infarction among young and middle-aged people aged 18 to 44 has gradually increased, and more than 90% of them have Males and females make up less than 10%.
Young people who meet these characteristics have a more vulnerable heart:
01
< strong>Frequently stay up late
An analysis of 4,575 patients by the team from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University found that compared with those who went to bed between 22:01 and 23:00 on weekdays, they went to bed after 24:00. The risk of heart attack increased by 62.8%.
Li Jian said: “Many young people work overtime, If you don’t sleep enough, your body will not be able to recover effectively, and you will be extremely tired the next day. This reciprocation every day forms a vicious circle, which can easily induce sudden death.”
02
dyslipidemia
dyslipidemia is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome in young men , mostly manifested as elevated “bad” cholesterol and triglycerides.
Elevated “bad” cholesterol plays a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis, and these bad molecules travel under the endothelium and constitute a major component of atherosclerosis.
Once the coronary artery stenosis rate reaches more than 50%, coronary heart disease will be induced.
03
High-fat diet
The biggest feature of this type of food is its high fat content. Lack of fruits and vegetables and whole grains.
Studies have found that eating an oily meal will increase the level of triglycerides in the blood by 2-3 times during the two or three hours after the meal, about 8 hours to return to normal levels.
In addition, high-fat diet can also induce vascular inflammatory response, increase platelet aggregation, andThe cardiovascular system has many adverse effects.
04
Smoking
Toxins such as nicotine in tobacco can induce coronary spasm, myocardial Ischemia can also damage the vascular endothelium, harden the arteries, and promote the formation of plaques. Once the plaques fall off, acute myocardial infarction will occur.
05
Obesity
Obese people often have dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, etc. These are all important factors that further promote the development of coronary heart disease. Once an emergency occurs, the heart is likely to be overwhelmed.
Some people’s heart attack is not painful, very hidden
Compared to the heart in the film and television drama In the section where the infarct patient covers his chest and falls to the ground, the reality of the central infarction is more subtle and dangerous.
Some studies have found that 42.4%~45% of myocardial infarction patients lack typical symptoms of chest pain, or even have no chest tightness, which causes these people to delay treatment.
The risk of sudden death in painless myocardial infarction is 2.65 times that of the general population, and the risk of sudden death in white, male, and young patients with painless myocardial infarction is relatively higher.
It is recommended to seek medical attention as soon as the following symptoms appear:
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1. Sudden nausea, vomiting, paleness without apparent cause , sweating, cold limbs;
2. with hypotension and shock as the main manifestations, but no other Reason;
3. paroxysmal dyspnea, unable to lie down, accompanied by cough, expectoration, Even white or pink foamy sputum;
4. mainly manifested by disturbance of consciousness, such as sudden Consciousness disturbance, syncope, hemiplegia and other cerebral circulation disturbances;
5. no obvious The reason is pain in other parts other than the chest, such as toothache, maxillary pain, shoulder and back pain, accompanied by palpitation, shortness of breath, sweating;
6. Sudden syncope of unknown origin;
7. strong>The blood pressure has recently dropped for unknown reasons, and it continues to fail to rise.
A set of “4321” formula for preventing myocardial infarction
For the treatment of patients, early dredging of blood vessels is the key to reducing mortality. The ideal time from the onset of symptoms is within 120 minutes.
Although myocardial infarction is acute and serious, it can be prevented. Li Jian, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, summed up the “4321” formula for young people to prevent myocardial infarction:
Do well in “4” aspects
1. Quit smoking; 2. Have a reasonable diet, mainly cereals and potatoes, appropriate meat, 1 catties of green leafy vegetables, and sufficient eggs and milk; 3. Ensure 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week; 4. Keep your BMI below 25.
Do a good job of “3” monitoring
Regularly monitor blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar.
Avoid “2” behaviors
1. Don’t let yourself be in depression, anxiety and other emotions; 2. Avoid Type A behavior pattern (competitive, hostile to others, easily nervous and impulsive).
Adhere to the “1” level of prevention
If you find abnormal physical indicators during the physical examination, or if you experience physical discomfort in life, you should Seek medical attention as soon as possible and intervene in treatment to avoid delaying the disease.
In addition, Liu Jian, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, suggests that everyone:
Early “insulation” from tobacco, quitting before age 40 can reduce the risk of smoking-related death by 90%.
Controlling blood pressure at 120/80 mmHg When blood pressure cannot be controlled through lifestyle adjustments, drug therapy can be initiated as prescribed by a doctor.
People with a family history of hypercholesterolemia should be evaluated early and treatment. Finally, statins may be considered in young diabetic patients. ▲
Editor of this issue: Liu Yunzhen Reporter of this article: Life Times reporter Tian Yuting
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