There are often such clips in film and television dramas:
The heroine was knocked flying, the heroine slipped, the heroine fell from the sky… At this moment, the hero flew over, caught the heroine, and the two looked into each other’s eyes , look at each other affectionately, as if the world is gray, only the person in front of you shines brightly.
When a scene like this occurs, the audience is hooked. Needless to say, the two will definitely stage a moving drama of falling in love with each other.
It’s not that the screenwriters are writing shit. Research has found that looking at each other, the relationship between the two will indeed warm up.
After looking at each other, become friends?
“Browning” is not a joke, eye contact plays a huge role in social interaction, and even more, it’s just seeing more in a crowd After seeing you, our relationship is not normal.
As far back as 1989, researchers found that two strangers‘s feelings quickly increased after staring.
They divided 96 strangers, male and female, into 48 pairs, and then assigned different tasks to the participants.
After 2 minutes, researchers measured how participants felt under different conditions. It was found that, compared with other subjects who were unilaterally staring/being stared, the mutual staring group(you looked into my eyes, I looked into yours) had stronger emotions, Like each other more.
And just staring at each other, even if the other is just a portrait on the wall, will send waves in your brain.
The same Napoleon, squinting and looking straight are very different | François Gérard
But it’s easy to feel creepy if you’re stared straight at it all the time, so how long is the right time to make first eye contact?
UK scientists tried to answer this question by recruiting eight actors and having them record a batch of videos into the camera. Participants were then recruited to watch the videos and rate: Was the current video longer or shorter than the most comfortable fixation duration?
After collecting answers from 498 participants, scientists found that, on average, the most comfortable first fixation time was 3.3 seconds, with very few Can accept staring for more than 9 seconds in the beginning.
How eyes work
In addition to making people feel closer, looking at each other has many magical effects, such as:
Makes the other person prettier. Psychologists asked 32 men to rate photos of the same woman from different perspectives: one looking straight and one squinting.
It found that men generally found photos directly more beautiful, and another study found that the longer they looked at each other, the more attractive they thought the other was. higher.
Look at me, if you see me, I’ll… | Titanic
Make the other person feel more like and trustworthy. Researchers at Fudan University have proposed that self-other fusion occurs when people look directly at faces.
They asked participants to look at photos of straight and strabismus (left, right) and then measured how they felt, finding that participants believed that those who looked directly at themselves Stranger photos are more like yourself.
This is weird, why do they feel closer when they look at each other? Researchers have found that this may be related to our physiological changes in our bodies under gaze:
Eye contact stimulates the nervous system to secrete oxytocin and phenylethylamine. Oxytocin, known as the “cuddle hormone,” makes people happier, more caring, and more craving for intimacytouch. Phenylethylamine is the catalyst for love, it makes the heart beat faster and the breathing quicken.
Remember to keep your eyes on each other when proposing! | “Spy Play House”
Gaze also enhanced activation of the amygdala, which plays an important role in both face perception and emotion. French academics used functional magnetic resonance techniques to measure how people looked at faces that looked straight and strabismus differently, and found that the activation of the amygdala was stronger in the case of straight eyes.
Simply put, looking at each other awakens our emotions, which in most cases are positive and comfortable and pleasure, but under special circumstances, emotions can be aroused in a different direction – we may experience hallucinations.
It’s good to look at each other, but don’t be “greedy”
Italian scholar Giovanni Caputo found that looking at each other for 10 minutes in low light made people prone to symptoms similar to “splitting” .
Dark divination house brings more than mystery | Zanku Hailuo
Giovanni recruited 40 participants and divided them into two groups (gazing and watching the wall), with 20 people in each group divided into 10 pairs. Afterwards, both groups were taken to a dim room.
He asks each pair of the staring group to sit one meter apart, facing each other in chairs. After that, the two need to stare at each other for 10 minutes. For the wall-watching group, the two sat side by side on two chairs 1 meter apart and stared at the wall for 10 minutes.
Compared to the wall-watching group, the staring group is more likely to have the feeling that the world seems to be shrouded in smoke, that everything or people seem to be far away, looking at Not real; people are motionless, dead or machine-like; it feels like a long time; surrounding voices get stronger, or change weaker.
The worst may even feel that the color of the world is fading, in short, the gaze group feels disconnected from reality.
Not only that, the gaze group was also more likely to see deformed faces:
95% saw a black face, 90% saw the face in front of them disintegrating, 75% saw the face of a stranger, 75% saw When it comes to monsters, 50% see a child…
Overall, participants in the gaze group saw a lot of “surreal” things.
This feeling is quite subjective and is closely related to an individual’s personality traits and values. Another study showed that a person’s spiritual level /strong> (e.g. agree to have a higher “consciousness” or “spirit” platform connecting everyone) the higher the odds of seeing strange faces.
This reminds me of the concept of “the time of the devil” in Japanese folk culture: the ancient Japanese believed that at dusk when the sky was fading, people would easily When encountering monsters such as monsters, it is also more likely to encounter disasters.
In the novel/animation “From the New World”, music is played in the town at dusk,
Remind children to go home quickly to avoid ghosts and monsters
Is the reason for this folk custom related to this phenomenon discovered by the Italians?
In the past, science was not yet developed, and human beings generally had a mysterious spiritual concept. The illusion of looking at the wrong face as mentioned above cannot be reasonably explained. Combined with the belief in supernatural power, culture and The language has left the legend of “the time of the devil”.
In the 21st century, this kind of “weird power and chaos” has gradually disappeared, but in another cultural circle at the end of the continent, scientists have discovered that seemingly illusory legends, It is very likely that people’s real life feelings were behind it. Even very healthy people are prone to hallucinations under certain circumstances.
As the times progress, the mysteries dissipate
Just like the advent of high-definition mobile phone cameras, UFO legends are fading away
This kind of mutual confirmation across time and space may be the charm of science.
References
[1]Binetti, N., Harrison, C., Coutrot, A., Johnston, A., & Mareschal, I. (2016). Pupil dilation as an index of preferred mutual gaze duration. Royal Society Open Science, 3(7), 160086.
[2]Caputo, G. B. (2015). Dissociation and hallucinations in dyads engaged through interpersonal gazing. Psychiatry Research, 228(3), 659-663.
[3]Caputo, G. B. (2017). Strange-face illusions during interpersonal-gazing and personality differences of spirituality. Explore, 13(6), 379-385.
[4]Dumas, T., Dubal, S., Attal, Y., Chupin, M., Jouvent, R., Morel, S., & George, N. (2013 ). MEG evidence for dynamic amygdala modulations by gaze and facial emotions. PloS one, 8(9), e74145.
[5]Ewing, L., Rhodes, G., & Pellicano, E. (2010). Have you got the look? Gaze direction affects judgements of facial attractiveness. Visual Cognition, 18 (3), 321-330.
[6]Kellerman, J., Lewis, J., & Laird, J. D. (1989). Looking and loving: The effects of mutual gaze on feelings of romantic love. Journal of research in personality, 23(2), 145-161.
[7]Lee, D. H., & Anderson, A. K. (2017). Reading what the mind thinks from how the eye sees. Psychological science, 28(4), 494-503.
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[8]Shimojo, S., Simion, C., Shimojo, E., & Scheier, C. (2003). Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference. Nature neuroscience, 6( 12), 1317-1322.
[9]Zhou, C., Jiang, T., & Zhu, L. (2018). Direct gaze blurs self-other boundaries. The Journal of general psychology, 145(3) , 280-295.
Author: Hu Shaoxia
Editors: Emeria, You Shiyou
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