The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body and the largest digestive organ in the digestive system. It sounds “hardcore”, but it’s also vulnerable, especially in the face of viruses. Up to now, there are 5 kinds of liver infection virus that have been confirmed by clinical research, all of which can directly lead to serious liver disease.
Which liver diseases are caused by viruses
At present, the liver disease caused by viruses mainly refers to viral hepatitis, which is caused by various Liver inflammation directly caused by a variety of hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
How the virus attacks the liver
When hepatitis A is infected, the hepatitis A virus replicates and proliferates in liver cells, and the body will have a series of immune responses, causing liver cell damage. For hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory response. Hepatitis A virus can be cleared by the body’s immune response and generally does not develop into chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or viral carrier state.
The pathogenesis of hepatitis B is complex. When infected with HBV, HBV replicates in hepatocytes. Although it does not directly cause hepatocellular lesions, HBV genes can be integrated into the host’s hepatocyte chromosome, resulting in long-term consequences. The liver cell damage of hepatitis B is mainly caused by a series of immune responses of the body. The immune response of the body can not only clear the virus, but also cause liver cell damage, and even force the hepatitis B virus to mutate.
Whether the body’s immune regulation function is normal and the strength of the immune response are related to The clinical types and outcomes of hepatitis B are closely related. In a body with normal immune response and immune regulation function, hepatocytes infected with hepatitis B virus are attacked and destroyed by the immune response, hepatocytes die and the infection is terminated, and the clinical manifestation is acute hepatitis with smooth recovery. Acute hepatitis manifests as acute jaundice or acute anicteric hepatitis depending on the amount and strength of the virus and the degree of liver cell damage.
If the body’s immune function and the ability to clear the hepatitis B virus are low, the hepatitis B virus cannot be detected. Completely cleared, it may be manifested as asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Some patients suffered continuous mild damage to liver function, manifested as chronic persistent or active hepatitis.
Pathogenesis of hepatitis C and E, Little is known so far. Research results suggest that the pathogenesis of hepatitis C and E is also related to the body’s immune response, and the damage of liver cells is mainly caused by the body’s immune response.
Studies on hepatitis D show that the hepatitis D virus affects hepatocytes Has direct pathogenic and destructive effects. The superinfection of hepatitis D and hepatitis B can lead to a large number of hepatitis D virus replication, significantly aggravate the damage of liver cells, and easily develop into chronic hepatitis or severe hepatitis.
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Which transmission routes to watch out for
The most common form of transmission of hepatitis A virus is the fecal-oral route, also known as the enteric route, where contaminated food and water enter the digestive tract. Hepatitis A infection. Crustaceans living in water are likely to be contaminated with hepatitis A virus.When people eat undercooked oysters, clams, oysters and other aquatic products, there is a higher risk of hepatitis A virus infection Risk.The main population of hepatitis A infection is children and adolescents, and winter and spring are the peak periods of hepatitis A incidence.
The transmission routes of hepatitis B/C include blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, close contact transmission and iatrogenic transmission.
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(1) Blood transmission: A very small amount of blood containing hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus Or blood products can cause infection after entering the human body, which can be transmitted by blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and organ transplantation.
< p>(2) Vertical transmission from mother to child: If the mother is a carrier of hepatitis B or There is a certain probability that it will be passed to the fetus before and after.
(3) Sexual transmission: Having unprotected sexual contact with patients infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus can be transmitted through damaged skin and mucous membranes.
< span>(4) Iatrogenic transmission: The use of contaminated or poorly sterilized needles and needles in medical work can cause human infection of hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus.
The hepatitis D virus is the same as the hepatitis B virus transmission through blood, sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission. But hepatitis D virus is rarely infected alone, and it is often co-infected with DNA viruses such as hepatitis B virus.
Hepatitis E, like Hepatitis A, is also transmitted through the feces – Oral route of transmission. In the past, the water-type epidemic was the most common, and it was seasonal, more common in the rainy season or after floods, and more common in people with a history of unclean diet. The affected population is mainly young and middle-aged people, and pregnant women are more susceptible, prone to severe hepatitis E, and have a high fatality rate.
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However, if it is a close contact such as marriage, it is recommended to carry out various hepatitis virus tests before marriage. If it is positive, it should be treated as soon as possible, for the sake of yourself, for the sake of your loved one, and for the health of the next generation.
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