The health of everyone is also very important in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to personal prevention and medical drugs, a reasonable nutritious diet is an important link for patients to improve their personal nutritional status, enhance their resistance, and possibly improve disease prognosis. So, how should various groups of people ensure their nutritional intake during the epidemic?
Dietary structure to pay attention to during the epidemic:
1. Daily intake of high-protein foods, including fish, meat, eggs, milk, beans and nuts, on a normal basis increase the amount.
2. Eat fresh vegetables and fruits every day, and increase the amount on the usual basis.
3. Drink more water in moderation, no less than 1 500ml per day.
4. The types, sources and colors of food are rich and varied, and there are no less than 20 kinds of food every day;
5. Ensure adequate nutrition, and increase the amount of food on the basis of the usual diet, both to eat well and to eat well.
6. For patients with insufficient diet, the elderly and chronic wasting underlying diseases, it is recommended to increase commercial enteral nutrition (special medical food), with an additional supplement of no less than 500 kcal per day.
7. Don’t diet or lose weight during the COVID-19 epidemic.
8. Regular work and rest and adequate sleep, ensure that the sleep time is not less than 7 hours a day.
9. Carry out individual type physical exercise, and the accumulated time is not less than 1 hour per day, and do not participate in group sports activities.
10. During the epidemic of new coronary pneumonia, it is recommended to supplement health food such as compound vitamins, minerals and deep-sea fish oil in moderation.
Dietary structure that should be paid attention to during the epidemic of special population:
Nutritional diet for ordinary or convalescent patients
1. Sufficient energy and daily intake of cereals Potato food 250~400 g, including rice, flour, miscellaneous grains, etc.; ensure sufficient protein, mainly ingest high-quality protein food (150~200 g per day), such as lean meat, fish, shrimp, eggs, soybeans, etc., try to eat as much as possible Guarantee one egg per day, 300 g of milk and dairy products (yogurt can provide intestinal probiotics, you can choose more than one); increase the intake of essential fatty acids through a variety of cooking vegetable oils, especially vegetable oils with monounsaturated fatty acids, total fat supply It can reach 25% to 30% of the total dietary energy.
2. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Vegetables are more than 500 g per day, fruits are 200-350 g per day, and dark fruits and vegetables are selected.
3. Ensure adequate water intake. 1500~2 000ml per day, several times a small amount, mainly drink boiled water or light tea. It is also a good choice to drink vegetable soup, fish soup, chicken soup before and after meals.
4. Resolutely put an end to the consumption of wild animals and eat less spicy and spicy food.
5. Those with poor appetite, the elderly and those with chronic diseases can supplement protein and B vitamins, vitamin A, Micronutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin D.
6. Ensure adequate sleep and moderate physical activity, with a physical activity time of no less than 30 minutes. Appropriately increase the sunshine time.
Nutritional dietary guidance for front-line workers
1. Ensure adequate energy intake every day. The recommended energy intake is 2 400-2 700 kcal/d for men and 2 100-2 300 kcal/d for women.
2. Ensure daily intake of high-quality protein, such as eggs, milk, livestock and poultry meat, fish and shrimp, soybeans, etc.
3. The diet should be light, avoid greasy, and can be seasoned with natural spices to increase the appetite of medical staff.
4. Eat more foods rich in B vitamins, vitamin C, minerals and dietary fiber, and reasonably match rice noodles, vegetables, fruits, etc., choose rapeseed, spinach, celery, purple cabbage, carrots , tomatoes and oranges, apples, kiwi fruit and other dark fruits and vegetables, mushrooms, fungus, kelp and other bacteria and algae food.
5. The daily water intake should reach 1500~2000ml.
6. Due to busy work, when the intake of ordinary meals is insufficient, enteral nutrition preparations (formulas for special medical purposes), milk powder, and nutrient supplements can be supplemented, and an additional oral nutritional supplement of 400 energy per day can be used. ~600 kcal, to ensure nutritional requirements.
7. Use a divided meal system to eat, and avoid mixing meals with each other to reduce the risk of infection during the meal process.
8. The hospital is in charge of the leadership, nutrition department, dietary management department, etc., and should adapt to local conditions and timely design meals according to the physical conditions of front-line staff to ensure nutrition.
Nutritional Diet Guidance for General Prevention and Control Population
1. Diverse food, mainly cereals. The daily diet should include cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, soybeans, nuts and other foods, and pay attention to choosing whole grains, mixed beans and potatoes.
2. Eat more fruits and vegetables, milk and soybeans. Make sure there are vegetables in every meal and fruits every day. Choose more dark fruits and vegetables, and do not replace fresh fruits with fruit juices. Eat a variety of milk and its products, especially yogurt, equivalent to 300g of liquid milk per day. Eat soy products regularly and eat nuts in moderation.
3. Eat fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat in moderation. The intake of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat should be moderate, and fatty meat, smoked and cured meat products should be eaten less. Resolutely put an end to the consumption of wild animals.
4. Less salt and less oil, sugar control and alcohol limit. Eat a bland diet and avoid high-salt and fried foods. Adequate drinking water, 7-8 cups (1500-1700ml) per day for adults, it is recommended to drink boiled water and tea; do not drink or drink less sugar-sweetened beverages. If adults drink alcohol, men should drink no more than 25g of alcohol a day, and women should not exceed 15g.
5. Exercise balance and healthy weight. Exercise at home every day and maintain a healthy weight. Do not overeat, do not overeat, control total energy intake, and maintain energy balance. Reduce sedentary time and get up and move every hour.
6. Put an end to waste and create new food trends. Cherish food, prepare meals on demand, and advocate dividing meals and using public chopsticks and spoons. Choose fresh, safe food and proper cooking methods. Separate raw and cooked food preparations, and reheat cooked food thoroughly.
(Source: Shanghai Jiaotong University Press)
(Bao Yongting)