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Hepatitis is divided into Several types
inflammation injury of liver cells caused by various pathogenic factors, resulting in the increase of transaminase and other indicators, collectively referred to as hepatitis. Clinically common viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and so on. Hepatitis in a narrow sense refers to viral hepatitis caused by hepatotropic virus, including viral hepatitis A, viral hepatitis B, viral hepatitis C, viral hepatitis D and viral hepatitis E.
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What are the causative factors
< p>Viral hepatitis is usually caused by hepatotropic virus infection and is a group of infectious diseases mainly caused by liver damage.
Alcoholic hepatitis is mainly due to the damage of liver cells caused by long-term excessive drinking. It usually manifests as fatty liver in the initial stage, and then it can develop into alcoholic hepatitis , liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Drug-induced liver injury is caused by various prescription or over-the-counter chemical drugs, biological preparations, traditional Chinese medicines, health products or dietary supplements and Liver damage induced by its metabolites can lead to acute liver failure and even death in severe cases.
Autoimmune liver disease The etiology of autoimmune liver disease is unclear. Immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease; metabolic factors such as overweight, obesity, sedentary, and insulin resistance can cause nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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What are the transmission routes of viral hepatitis< /strong>
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) generally cause acute viral hepatitis, which is mainly caused by Transmission through the digestive tract and consumption of food and water contaminated with HAV and HEV can lead to hepatitis A and E. Outbreaks are all caused by fecal contamination of water sources, and most of the outbreaks are caused by unclean food and drinks.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)both mother and child, Transmission by blood (including minor trauma to skin and mucous membranes) and sexual contact. Before the implementation of the neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunization program in my country, HBV was mainly transmitted from mother to child, which mostly occurred in the perinatal period. Patients with a history of injecting drugs, blood transfusions, patients undergoing hemodialysis, health care workers with occupational hazard exposure to blood or body fluids, and public safety workers are at higher risk of HBV/HCV infection. Unprotected sexual contact with HBV/HCV infected persons, especially those with multiple sexual partners and men who have sex with men, are at high risk of HBV/HCV infection. HBV/HCV can also be transmitted through broken skin or mucous membranes, such as pedicures, tattoos, piercing earrings, sharing razors and dental appliances.
Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)is a defective virus that requires the presence of HBV to complete its life cycle, so hepatitis D is transmitted in the same way as hepatitis B.
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How to effectively prevent viral hepatitis
Extended reading:
Why do you need more rest if you have viral hepatitis ?
The liver is the largest digestive gland in the human body. Blood runs rapidly in the liver. Some people liken it to a “chemical factory”. It is not only responsible for nutrient metabolism, detoxification, coagulation, and bile secretion in the body, but also an important immune organ of the human body. After the liver is ill, most of its functions decline. When strenuous exercise, the blood flow of the liver is reduced, the nutrient supply is reduced, and the recovery of the liver is slower, which is not conducive to treatment and recovery. While resting, it reduces the burden on the liver and helps in the repair and regeneration of liver cells. In addition, we must maintain an optimistic mood. Excessive anxiety, anger and other negative emotions will cause immune function decline, which is not conducive to the recovery of liver function.
Can we relax our vigilance with normal liver function?
People often assume that normal liver function means everything is fine. In fact, for CHB and CHC patients, some patients will develop liver cirrhosis or liver cancer even with normal liver function. The liver is a “dumb organ”, plus it has a strong compensatory ability, never say when tired and sick, as long as 30% of the liver cells are normal, it can function as usualTherefore, even if you suffer from liver disease, there are generally no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and once clinical symptoms appear, it often indicates that there is a serious liver problem, such as severe liver damage, liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. Therefore, for patients with chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive comprehensive examination on a regular basis to evaluate the condition. In addition to liver function, viral load, alpha-fetoprotein, abdominal B-ultrasound and liver elasticity are also required. Detection, if necessary, abdominal enhanced CT, gastroscopy and other examinations. Liver function testing can understand whether the liver has inflammatory activity and its synthetic function; viral load testing can understand the replication ability and infectivity of the virus, which is helpful for the selection of treatment plans and the evaluation of antiviral effects; B-ultrasound and liver elasticity examination can dynamically The morphological changes of the liver and the occurrence of liver cirrhosis and its related complications were observed; alpha-fetoprotein combined with abdominal B-ultrasound can evaluate the occurrence of liver tumors.
Why do you need to be screened for hepatitis B before trying to conceive?
On the one hand, because hepatitis B virus can be transmitted from mother to child, if hepatitis B virus infection is found in the pre-pregnancy examination, Newborns need to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin within 24 hours after birth, which can effectively block the transmission of hepatitis B.
On the other hand, if hepatitis B virus infection is found before pregnancy, the liver function can be evaluated in time to determine the safety during pregnancy. Many hepatitis B patients do not know the time of their infection. They often have been infected with hepatitis B virus for many years when they reach reproductive age, and their liver function may have been damaged, or progressed to liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis. Liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis, but without timely evaluation and intervention, may lead to further aggravation and deterioration of liver function during pregnancy, which may affect the safety of mother and child in severe cases.
Text: Lu Junfeng, 1st Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University
p>Photo: Ma Yang Huangqiu Lan
Editor: Guan Zhongyao Ma Yang
Proofreading: Ma Yang
Review:< span>Yu Mengfei Xu Bingnan
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