When you see the following information, you may find out why your ghost is grayed out, it may be that your current version is not complete. Please bookmark the following information, and don’t forget to like it. Being my fan is my motivation
First, partition backup
Using Ghost for system backup, there are whole Hard disk (Disk) and partition hard disk (Partition) two ways. Click the Local item in the menu, there are 3 sub-items in the pop-up menu on the right, among which Disk means backing up the entire hard disk (ie clone), Partition means backing up a single partition of the hard disk, Check means checking the hard disk or backed up files, view Whether the backup or restore may fail due to partition, hard disk damage, etc. Partition backup saves system data as an individual user, and has practical value especially when restoring and duplicating system partitions.
Select the Local→Partition→To Image menu to pop up the hard disk selection window and start the partition backup operation. Click the white hard disk information bar in the window, select the hard disk, enter the window, and select the partition to be operated (if there is no mouse, you can use the keyboard to operate: TAB key to switch, Enter key to confirm, and arrow keys to select). In the pop-up window, select the directory path for backup storage and enter the name of the backup file. Note that the name of the backup file has the suffix of GHO. Next, the program will ask whether to compress the backup data, and gives 3 options: No means no compression, Fast means the compression ratio is small and the backup speed is faster, High is the compression ratio is high but the backup speed is quite slow. Finally, select the Yes button to start the backup of the partitioned hard disk. The backup speed of Ghost is quite fast, and it can be completed without waiting for a long time. The backup files are stored in the set directory with the suffix of GHO.
Second, hard disk cloning and backup
Hard disk cloning is the backup and restoration of the entire hard disk. Select the menu Local→Disk→To Disk, select the source hard disk (the first hard disk) in the pop-up window, and then select the target hard disk (the second hard disk) to be copied to. Note that you can set the size of each partition of the target hard disk, and Ghost can automatically partition and format the target hard disk according to the set partition value. Select Yes to start execution.
Ghost can copy the target hard disk almost exactly the same as the source hard disk, and realize partition, format, copy system and files in one step. Just pay attention to the target hard disk can not be too small, must be able to install the data content of the source hard disk.
Ghost also provides a hard disk backup function, which is to back up the entire hard disk data as a file and save it on the hard disk (menu Local→Disk→To Image), and then You can restore to another hard disk or source hard disk at any time, which is convenient for installing multiple systems. The usage method is similar to the partition backup.
3. Backup and restore
If the partition data backed up in the hard disk is damaged, it cannot be repaired by ordinary data repair methods. And the system cannot be started after being damaged, you can use the backup data for complete recovery without reinstalling the program or the system. Of course, it is also possible to restore the backup to another hard drive. To restore the backup partition, select the menu Local→Partition→From Image in the interface, select the restored backup file in the pop-up window, then select the restored hard disk and partition, and click the Yes button.
Four. LAN operation
LPT transmits backup files through parallel port, there are two options below: slave and master, Used to connect the host and client, respectively. The network basic input output system NetBios is similar to LPT, and also has two options of slave and master, which have the same function as LPT.
Make the partition to be ghosted into a *.gho file as usual, then install Symantec Ghost Enterprise Edition on a win98 and restart.
1. First make a ghost boot disk with network card driver. Start > Programs > Symantec Ghost > Ghost Boot Wizard->Network Boot Disk If your network card is directly selected in the list, it can generate a boot disk with PC-DOS. (But the floppy disk generated by version 6.5 often has problems and cannot be successfully booted.) If your network card is not listed, you need to create a dedicated Packet Driver. ADD->Packet Driver (included in the driver of the network card) go down step by step according to the prompts, and fill in the ip of the workstation (ghost must have tcp/ip protocol). Finally, a floppy disk is generated, but the floppy disk still cannot be used. To change the autoexec.bat file, add a hexadecimal address, such as 0X75, after net xxxx.dos. Multiple computers only need to change the ip in the wattcp.cfg file:
IP = 192.168.100.44 NETMASK = 255.255.255.0
GATEWAY = 192.168.100.1
2. Run the multicast server on the server side. First give the server a Session Name (alias) such as: bb, and then select image file which is your gho file. Then -> Dump From Client->rtitions->More Options-> Fill in 50 in the client of auto start (if you want to copy 50 at the same time)->accept client is completed, when the number of workstations reaches 50 , the server will automatically transmit the *.gho file.
3. Details:
At present, quite a few electronic classrooms use workstations without floppy drives and CD-ROMs. In the absence of a floppy drive or an optical drive, when there is a problem with the software system of the hard drive, can a network hard drive be cloned? PXE (Preboot Execution Environment, which is an extended network protocol based on TCP/IP, DHCP, TFTP and other Internet protocols) technology provides the function of booting from the network, allowing us to find a solution. Next, we will explain how to use Ghost 7.0 to implement PXE-based network hard disk cloning.
A brief description of the network hard disk cloning process
The network hard disk cloning process is: on a workstation with a floppy drive, use a Start the machine with a boot disk, connect to the server, use the Ghost Multicast Service (Multicast Server) toThe image of the hard disk or partition is cloned to the workstation, thus realizing the safe and fast network hard disk cloning without disassembly.
Implement PXE network boot mode
For a workstation without a floppy drive or CD-ROM drive, to realize the PXE network boot mode, three steps need to be completed:
1. PXE boot settings of the workstation
PXE network boot generally requires a PXE boot chip (PXE Boot ROM) to be installed on the network card; for some types of network cards, the PXE boot code (Boot Code) can also be written into the motherboard’s Flash ROM; And some brand machines with integrated network cards on the motherboard (such as Tsinghua Tongfang’s commercial machines) can directly support PXE booting.
For the commonly used network card with RTL8139 chip, its PXE startup setting method is: press Shift+F10 according to the screen prompt when the machine starts, select PXE in the startup type, and enable network startup option.
2. Make a PXE boot file
To make a PXE boot file, it is recommended to use 3Com’s DABS (Dynamic Access Boot Services) ). DABS provides powerful PXE boot services and management functions, however, a 30-day trial version is available for download online. Therefore, we only use its boot image file making function, and the DHCP server of Windows 2000 Server provides the PXE boot service.
DABS can be installed on any machine running Windows. After installation, run 3Com Boot Image Editor, the main interface will appear. Select “Create a TCP/IP or PXE image file” and a dialog window will appear. Name the image file to be created, for example: pxeghost.img, others use the default options, put the tested normal network boot disk into the floppy drive, select [OK], and create the PXE boot image Pxeghost.img file.
In the main menu of 3Com Boot Image Editor, select “Create a PXE menu boot file (Create a PXE menu boot file)”, select [Add ( Add)], join the boot image file Pxeghost.img we just created, in the “Options (Options)” tab can set the menu title and wait time.
Select [Save] and name the saved PXE menu startup file Pxemenu.pxe.
3. Server PXE boot service settings
Windows 2000 Server’s DHCP service supports two boot protocols: DHCP and BOOTP. We can set the following three options: DHCP only, BOOTP only, both. If dynamic IP address allocation is provided by other DHCP servers in our local area network, then select “BOOTP only” here; if this server is required to provide dynamic IP address allocation, you need to select “Both”.
Next, set the startup filename. Configure the option “067: startup file name” in the scope options of the DHCP server, and the string value is the PXE menu startup file name we created Pxemenu.pxe. Note: The filename does not contain a path.
The DHCP server just informs the BOOTP client of the startup file name. How does the client download the startup file? The answer is, a TFTP service is required. 3Com’s DABS includes a TFTP service component, of course, you can also download a free TFTP server software for long-term use.
In the settings of the TFTP server, a service directory is specified. Put the created PXE startup files Pxeghost.img and Pxemenu.pxe in the service directory of TFTP. The TFTP server is set to run automatically.
Using Ghost Multicast to Clone Hard Disks
Now run the Ghost Multicast server with the task name Restore. After setting, press the [Accept Clients] button. Start the floppy-free workstation that will accept the hard disk clone. If the above steps are correct, it should be able to implement PXE boot and join the multicast cloning task. After all the target workstations are connected to this task, press the [Send] button to start the clone task.
5. Parameter setting
Parameters can be set in Options. The following is a brief introduction:
1. image write buffering: When creating a backup file, open write buffering; 2. sure: After selecting this item, there will be no final confirmation query (recommended not to select this item);
3. no int 13: After selecting this item, interrupt 13 is not supported (not selected by default);
4. reboot: After the hard disk or partition operation is completed, restart the computer automatically;
5. spanning: backup files through multiple volume architectures (when this option is selected, write buffering is disabled);
6. autoname: automatically name the spanning file;
7. allow 64k fat clusters: allow the use of 64K FAT clusters (supported only in Windows NT);
8. ignore CRC errors: ignore CRC errors;
9. override size limit: If the partition size does not match, the execution can be ignored;
10. image read buffering: Enable read buffering when generating backup files (selected by default). 6. Software features
1. Storage media
Ghost supports storage media beyond our imagination, it supports Peer-to-peer LPT interface, peer-to-peer USB interface, peer-to-peer TCP/IP interface, SCSI tape drives, portable devices (JAZ, ZIP, MO, etc.), CD recorders (CDR, CDRW), etc. And these features do not require any external drivers and software, just a floppy disk can be done! In particular, support for CD burners, which are very cheap today, and blank CDs, are ideal for backup purposes.
2. Compatibility
Ghost has good support for existing operating systems, including FAT16, FAT32, File storage formats such as NTFS, HPFS, UNIX, NOVELL, etc. Different from the previous version, Ghost 2001 added support for Linux EX2 (FIFO file storage format), which means that Linux users can also use Ghost to back up the system.
3. Supporting software
A. Ghost browser Perform simple backup, copy, restore, and restore individual files and folders using the out-of-the-box GhostEXP software. Now, Symantec Corporation has integrated Ghost Browser into the software. Ghost Browser adopts an interface similar to the resource manager, through which we can easily and quickly find the files and folders we want in the backup package and restore them.
Use Explorer to back up the entire hard disk or a single hard disk partition, click the cylindrical icon on the toolbar to pop up the hard disk or partition selection dialog window, and then select the storage directory of the backup file and enter a name to complete. It should be noted that non-registered users cannot use the backup function.
Managing hard drive backup files in Ghost Explorer is very convenient. First choose to open a backup file (File/Open), then the files in the backup are listed in the program interface window just like the resource manager, where you can easily view, open the file, or find the file, or put A file is deleted (but not a directory).
Ghost Explorer provides a variety of methods to restore hard disk backup files. The most convenient method is to use the right mouse button to click on a file, select Restore from the pop-up menu, and then Enter the directory to restore to so that individual files are restored from the entire disk backup. Of course, if you want to restore the entire disk backup, just select the topmost directory item with the disk icon in the directory list bar on the left, and then click the restore icon (the second one) in the toolbar.
B.GDisk
GDisk is a newly added utility that completely replaces FDisk and Format. :
* Quick format.
* Hide and show sections. This feature allows for more than one primary DOS partition with a different version of the operating system on each partition. The ability to hide a partition makes the computer accustomed to booting to the selected bootable partition, ignoring installations of the same operating system in other hidden partitions.
* Comprehensive zone reporting.
* Highly secure disk wipe. Offers disk wiping options that meet U.S. Department of Defense standards and higher security standards.
Unlike FDisk, which uses an interactive menu, GDisk is command-line driven. This provides faster configuration of disk partitions and the ability to define GDisk operations in batch files. But at the same time, dozens of parameters will cause headaches for ordinary users, so I do not recommend them to be used by ordinary users. Symantec should also launch a corresponding GUI (Graphical User Interface) console for the convenience of users. The specific parameter description can be understood by the command line gdisk/?.
C.Live Update
Live Update is a general upgrade program for Symantec’s software that Symantec software installed with online software upgrades via the Internet. When installing Ghost 2001, the installer automatically upgraded the version of the Live Update program.
Seven, command line parameters: (Ghost’s unmanned backup/restore/copy operation)
In fact, Ghost 2001’s The functions are far more than those shown in its main program, and Ghost can add many parameters to the command line it starts to achieve more functions. Command line arguments are complicated to use, but we can make batch files to do it “once and for all” (similar to Windows 98 and Windows 2000 being installed by no one). Now let’s take a look at some commonly used parameters (see Ghost’s help file for a more detailed description of the parameters).
1.-rb
It will restart automatically when the Ghost operation finishes and exits. This way, you can leave with peace of mind while duplicating your system.
2.-fx
This Ghost operation will automatically return to DOS prompt when exiting.
3.-sure
Respond “Yes” to all prompts or warnings that require confirmation. This parameter is dangerous and only recommended for advanced users.
4.-fro
If a bad cluster is found in the source partition, it will skip the prompt and force the copy. This parameter can be used to try to save the data in the bad sectors of the hard disk.
5.@filename
Specify txt file in filename. txt file for the additional parameters of Ghost, this can be free from the 150 character limit of the DOS command line.
6.-f32
Copy the source FAT16 partition and convert it to FAT32 (provided that the target partition is not less than 2G) . WinNT 4 and Windows95, 97 users use with caution.
7.-bootcd
This option makes the disc bootable when backing up files directly to the disc . This process requires putting in a startup disk.
8.-fatlimit
Limits NT’s FAT16 partition to 2G. This parameter is useful when copying Windows NT partitions and do not want to use 64k/cluster FAT16.
9.-span
Span parameters. Another backup package that prompts to copy to another partition when there is insufficient space.
10.-auto
A file name is automatically assigned to continue the execution without prompting when copying by volume.
11.-crcignore
Ignore CRC ERROR in backup package. Do not use this parameter unless you need to salvage the data in the backup package, in case of data errors.
12.-ia
All images. Ghost will back up all the partitions on the hard disk one by one.
13.-ial
All images, similar to the -ia parameter, backup Linux partitions one by one.
14.-id
All images. Similar to the -ia parameter, but contains boot information for the partition.
15.-quiet
Status updates and user intervention are prohibited during operation.
16.-script
Can execute multiple Ghost command lines. The command line is stored in the specified file.
17.-split=x
Divide the backup package into multiple volumes, the size of each volume for x megabytes. This function is very useful for copying large backup packages to removable storage devices, for example, copying a 1.9G backup package to 3 recording discs.
18.-z
Compresses when saving the contents of a disk or partition to an image file. -z or -z1 for low compression (fast); -z2 for high compression (medium); -z3 to -z9 for higher compression (slower).
19.-clone
This is the core parameter to realize Ghost unattended backup/restore. The usage syntax is: -clone,MODE=(operation),SRC=(source),DST=(destination),[SZE(size),SZE(size)…]
This parameter line is complex and cannot contain spaces between parameters. Where operation means the type of operation, the values are acceptable: copy: disk to disk; load: file to disk; dump: disk to file; pcopy: partition to partition; pload: file to partition; pdump: partition to file.
Source means the operation source, the value can be: drive letter, starting from 1; or file name, need to write absolute path.
Destination means the destination location, the value can be: drive letter, starting from 1; or file name, need to write absolute path; @CDx, recorder, x means recorder The drive letter, starting at 1.
The following example illustrates:
1. Command line parameters: ghostpe.exe -clone,mode=copy,src= 1,dst=2 Complete operation: copy local disk 1 to local disk 2.
2. Command line parameters: ghostpe.exe -clone,mode=pcopy,src=1:2,dst=2:1 The second partition is copied to the first partition of the local disk 2.
3. Command line parameters:
ghostpe.exe-clone,mode=load,src=g:3prtdisk. gho,dst=1,sze1=450M,sze2=1599M,sze3=2047M
Complete operation: mount disk 1 from image file and resize first partition 450MB for the second, 1599MB for the second, and 2047MB for the third.
4. Command line parameters: ghostpe.exe
-clone,mode=pdump,src2:1:4: 6,dst=d:prt246.gho Done: Create an image file containing only the selected partitions. Select partitions 1, 4, 6 from disk 2.
Eight, some examples
ghost.exe -clone,mode=copy,src=1,dst=2 – sure hard disk copy
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pcopy,src=1:2,dst=2:1 -sure will copy the second partition of No.1 hard disk Copy to the first partition of the second hard disk
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pdump,src=1:2,dst=g:bac.gho The second partition of the hard disk is made into an image file and placed in the g partition
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pload,src=g:bac.gho:2,dst =1:2 From the image file with two partitions inside, restore the second partition to the second partition of the hard disk
ghost.exe -clone,mode =pload,src=g:bac.gho,dst=1:1 -fx -sure -rb Restore the c drive with the bac.gho file of the g drive. No information is displayed after completion, just start
ghost.exe -clone,mode=load,src=g:bac.gho,dst=2,SZE1=60P,SZE2 =40P Restore the image file to the second hard disk, and modify the partition size ratio to 60:40
Automatically restore the disk:
First make a bootable disk, including Config.sys, Autoexec.bat, Command.com, Io.sys, Ghost.exe files (can be done by using Windows as a bootable disk program). Autoexec.bat contains the following commands:
Ghost.exe -clone,mode=pload,src=d:bac.gho,dst=1:1 -fx -sure -rb Utilize the file in D drive to restore automatically, exit ghost and restart automatically after the end. Auto backup disk:
ghost.exe -clone,mode=pdump,src=1:1,dst=d:bac.gho -fx -sure -rb AutoRestore CD:
Includes files: Config.sys, Autoexec.bat, Mscdex.exe (CDROM Executor), Oakcdrom.sys (ATAPI CDROM Compatible Driver) ), Ghost.exe.
Config.sys contains: DEVICE=OAKCDROM.SYS /D:IDECD001 Autoexec.bat contains:
MSCDEX .EXE /D:IDECE001 /L:Z Ghost -clone,mode=load,src=z:bac.gho,dst=1:1 -sure -rb
Yes Modify the example according to the following specific instructions:
1.-clone
-clone must be used with parameters, it It is also the most practical of all switch{batch switch}. The following are the parameters defined by clone:
mode={copy|load|dump|pcopy|pload|pdump},
src={drive|file|driveartition},
dst={drive|file|driveartition}
mode Specifies which clone-provided command to use
copy disk to disk copy
load restore the file to the hard disk (file to disk load)
dump make the hard disk into an image file (disk to file dump)
pcopy partition to partition copy
pload file to partition load
pdump partition to file dump (partition to file dump)
src specifies the location mode and meaning of the source partition used when ghost runs. Example of parameters used in the corresponding mode command src:
COPY/DUMP source hard disk number. Use 1 to represent the first hard disk
LOAD image file name. g:/back98/setup98.gho or device name (drive)
PCOPY/PDUMP source partition number. 1:2 represents the second partition of hard disk 1
PLOAD The partition image file name plus the partition number or the drive name plus the partition number. g:back98.gho:2 represents the second partition in the image file
dst Specifies the destination mode and its meaning when running Ghost. Example of parameters used in the corresponding mode command dst:
COPY/DUMP destination hard disk number. 2 represents the second hard drive
LOAD The hard disk image file name. Example g:back98setup98.gho
PCOPY/PLOAD destination partition number. 2:2 represents the second partition of hard disk 2
PDUMP partition image file name plus partition number. g:back98setup98.gho:2
SZEn specifies the size of the destination partition used:
n=xxxxM specifies the nth The size of the destination partition is xxxxMB. For example, SZE2=800M means that the size of partition 2 is 800MB.
n=mmP Specifies that the size of the nth destination partition is mm percentages of the entire hard disk.
2.-fxo When the source object has a bad block, force the copy to continue
3.-fx When the ghost After completing the work of the new system, press ctrl-alt-del to reboot will not be displayed and go back to DOS directly.
4.-ia Completely perform sector-to-sector copying. When copying a partition from an image file or another hard disk as a source, Ghost will first check the source partition and then decide whether to copy files and directory structures or image copy (sector-to-sector). The default is this form. But sometimes, some hidden files related to system security may be placed in a specific location on the hard disk. Only use sector-to-sector copy method to copy correctly
5.-pwd and -pwd=x encrypt the image file
6.-rb Let the system reboot after a restore or copy is complete
7.-sure can be used with clone. Ghost will not display the prompt with disk clone-destination drive will be overwritten?
IX. Precautions
1 . When backing up the system, a single backup file should preferably not exceed 2GB.
2. Before backing up the system, it is best to delete some useless files to reduce the size of Ghost files. Usually useless files are: Windows temp folder, IE temp folder, Windows memory swap file. These files typically take up more than 100 megabytes of hard drive space.
3. Before backing up the system, organize the target disk and source disk to speed up the backup.
4. Before backing up the system and restoring the system, it is best to check the target disk and the source disk to correct disk errors.
5. When restoring the system, it is best to first check whether the target disk to be restored has important files that have not been transferred, and do not wait until the hard disk information is overwritten. Sorry too much.
6. When choosing the compression ratio, it is recommended not to select the highest compression ratio, because the highest compression ratio is notIt is very time consuming, and the compression rate is not significantly improved.
7. After the newly installed software and hardware, it is best to remake the image file, otherwise there may be some inexplicable errors after recovery.