Do you have regular medical check-ups?
Can routine physical examinations detect diseases?
Some people think that routine physical examinations are of little significance, and
only to be checked for specific diseases.
And the routine physical examination is “no use”.
This is not the case.
Routine physical examinations can better detect and control chronic diseases,
promote lifestyle changes, vaccinations, and cancer screenings,
and improve patients’ self-health .
Which items should people of all ages be screened for?
Routine physical examination, usually including the following 3 types of examinations
On this basis, examiners can add personalized screening items according to their own conditions, such as lifestyle, past disease history, family history, etc.
20 years old: pay attention to routine physical examination, infectious diseases
20-30 years old, the body’s resistance and immunity are at high levels. In addition to routine physical examinations at this stage, more attention should be paid to the screening and prevention of infectious diseases, such ashepatitis, gastrointestinal infections (Helicobacter pylori), urinary and reproductive system (HPV, testicular cancer) infections etc. In particular, women begin to pay attention to the health of the breast and cervixat the age of 20.
It is recommended to pay attention to and increase the following items in the physical examination:
img> 30 years old: pay attention to the health of blood sugar, lungs, liver and stomach
30-40 years old, when working hard in the workplace, Staying up late to work overtime, socializing on business trips, smoking and drinking, and sedentary work are common, so pay more attentionlung, liver and stomach health, and diabetes prevention . Women still need to continue to pay attention to the health of the breast and cervix. In addition, it is recommended to increase pulmonary low-dose spiral CT for screening of lung diseases (smokers should pay more attention); increase /span>Liver and kidney function, abdominal color Doppler project for liver disease screening.
It is recommended to pay attention to and increase the following items in the physical examination:
40 years old: focus on tumor screening and intestinal health
Beginning at the age of 40, the risk of cancer increases in the human body. Regular early cancer screening.
Although worldwide, the recommended age for early cancer screening is over 50 years old, but due to the continuous decrease in the age of onset in recent years, the earlier If problems are found, the greater the benefit, so it is recommended thatthe age of 40 years old and earlier for the first accurate early cancer screening, especially the need for regular screening Check lung cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and other high-incidence cancers. In addition, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should also be paid attention to.
It is recommended to pay attention to and increase the following items in the physical examination:
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For people with a family history of cancer,recommended children of immediate family members to subtract 15 years from the patient’s age at onset, as the age at which you start screening.
50+: Comprehensive, in-depth physical examination
Starting at age 50, Osteoporosis is gradually increasing, and stroke is at increased risk. Cerebrovascular health assessment, including blood pressure, blood lipids, etc. The risk of tumors continues to increase with age, and continuous attention is required, especially for bowel cancer.A colonoscopy every 1 to 2 years is recommended.
Beginning at the age of 60, a comprehensive and in-depth examination of the body is required every year. The blood vessels of the human body begin to age and become fragile. Therefore, in addition to the routine examinations for diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, diabetes, tumors, and kidney damage, one should also AttentionENT and fundus lesions and preventionAlzheimer’s disease. If necessary, in-depth screening methods such as magnetic resonance can be used.
It is recommended to pay attention to and add the following items in the physical examination:
trace element detection< /p>
Adult physical examinations are often prescribed this itembut in fact, as early as 2013The Health and Family Planning Commission stipulatedIt is not appropriate to use trace elements as a physical examination census itembecause it does not accurately reflect the level of trace elements
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PET-CT scan
Gimmick: Examination that can see whole body lesionsPET-CT can indeed find tumor lesions in patients But there is no obvious advantage compared to other screening methodsAnd routine physical examinations are prone to false positive resultsIt is not a tumor that is identified as a tumor, Causes excessive medical treatment
These two types of people should pay special attention to physical examination
No matter what age you are in, the necessary physical examinations are indispensable, but for the following two types of people, more attention should be paid to physical examinations. 1. People with abnormal BMI < p>Body mass index (BMI=weight kg/height squared m2) is a way to measure whether a person is obese, and its normal value is 18.5kg/m2-30kg/m2. A prospective study of chronic diseases in China found that maintaining a healthy body mass index (BMI) could prevent 5.8% of major coronary heart disease events and 7.8% of ischemia events Coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in 4.5%, and type 2 diabetes in 34.4%.
In addition, associated with healthy waist circumference (waist <90cm in men and <85cm in women) People with abdominal obesity have a 30% increased risk of ischemic heart disease and a 32% increased risk of death.
Therefore, people with abnormal BMI must have regular physical examinations. Exercise, reasonable diet, etc. to control your BMI within the normal range. 2. People with a family history of cancer The incidence of various cancers in China is among the highest in the world. Cancer is a polygenic genetic susceptibility disease, and there is often a phenomenon of family aggregation. Therefore, people with a family history of cancer should pay special attention to cancer screening. At present, the common cancer with high heritability is breast cancer cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, etc. Precautions for physical examination
1. Blood collection time should not be too late< /strong>
Physical testing requires fasting blood collection from 7:30 to 8:30 in the morning, and should not exceed 9:00 at the latest; diabetic patients can Communicate with medical staff, please collect blood as soon as possible to avoid hypoglycemia.
2. Fasting physical examination items
Blood biochemical examination, hepatobiliary and pancreatic B-ultrasound, digestive system examination: barium meal fluoroscopy, gastroscopy, carbon-13 urea breath test.
3. Precautions for diet
< p>1 to 3 days before the physical examination, the diet should be light, do not drink alcohol and overeating, try to avoid drinking strong tea, coffee and other stimulating drinks, pay attention to rest the day before the health examination, avoid strenuous exercise and emotional agitation, and ensure that Get enough sleep so as not to affect the results of the health check. Better to take a shower. It is best to fast for 8 to 12 hours before the examination, and the morning of the examination should be fasted and no water should be allowed.
4. Dress
< span>On the day of the check-up, it is recommended to dress lightly, preferably with separate clothes, and women should avoid wearing one-piece clothes or dresses. In order to facilitate the relevant physical examination by the surgeon. Shoes that are light and easy to take off are recommended, and women avoid high boots and stockings. Because the height measurement needs to take off the shoes, the net height should be measured, and the electrocardiogram needs to be clamped by the limb leads on one side of the ankle. On the day of the physical examination, it is recommended not to wear metal accessories and valuable accessories, and do not wear clothes with metal products on the chest. Do not wear contact lenses on the day of the checkup.
5. Special Considerations for Women
< p>Unmarried women are prohibited from performing gynecological examinations and gynecological intracavity B-ultrasound examinations. Young and middle-aged women are advised to avoid the menstrual period for physical examination (because gynecological examinations cannot be performed during menstruation to avoid infection). Pregnant and suspected pregnant subjects should inform medical staff before MRI examination. Avoid sex, tub baths, vaginal douching and vaginal medication 24-48 hours before the gynecological examination.
6, other
< span>Press the puncture point for 3-5 minutes after the blood is drawn, until there is no bleeding. Blood pressure measurement and electrocardiogram examination are required to be performed in a quiet state. In order to ensure the accuracy of the urine test, please be sure to collect clean urine in the middle section. People with chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease should take medicine as usual in the morning, and can drink 50-100 ml of boiled water. One is to provide a basis for the medical examiner to evaluate the antihypertensive effect, and the other is to avoid accidents during the examination. However, diabetic patients need to bring hypoglycemic drugs to the hospital and take them before meals.
Source: Healthy China, Health Times, People’s Health, Guangxi CDC, Beijing Hospital
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