◎ Science and Technology Daily Zhang Shuang Comprehensive Report
July 19th, A case of plague (bubonic plague) was confirmed in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. In accordance with the requirements of the autonomous region’s plague control emergency plan, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Government decided to start a four-level emergency response from 23:00 on the 19th.
What is bubonic plague?
How is the plague spread?
How to prevent the plague?
What is the plague?
Public plague, once known internationally as the “Black Death”, is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis Infectious infectious diseases caused by infection, is also a Class A infectious disease in my country’s legal infectious diseases, ranking first among 39 legal infectious diseases.
According to clinical manifestations and morbidity characteristics, plague is divided into light plague, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague, etc. Multiple types. Different types have different incubation periods. For example, bubonic plague is 2 to 8 days, while pneumonic plague can be as short as a few hours to 2 to 3 days.
Plague is characterized by rapid onset, short course of disease, high mortality, strong infectivity and rapid spread. Especially septicemic plague and pneumonic plague, if untreated, the fatality rate is 30% to 100%.
Clinical studies show that bubonic plague is the most common type of plague, accounting for more than 80% of plague cases, with a high cure rate.
How is the plague spread? What are the symptoms after infection?
Plague is a natural foci (even without the involvement of humans or domesticated animals, it can cause epidemics by infecting hosts through a vector) ) infectious diseases, mainly in rodents and marmots, spread by fleas, and the main transmission routes of human infection are:
The infection is caused by fleas biting sick mice and then biting humans, or by skinning infected marmots or eating other infected animals. Such transmission methods often cause bubonic plague or septicemic plague.
The mode of human-to-human transmission, that is, after a healthy person comes into contact with a patient suffering from pneumonic plague, the infection is caused by inhalation through the respiratory tract. Pneumonic plague.
In terms of population susceptibility, population is generally susceptible ,Field workers, close contacts or flayers of marmots, and pastoralists are high-risk groups. Long-lasting immunity can be obtained after plague infection, and a certain immunity can be obtained by vaccination.
The clinical manifestations of plague infection include high fever, swollen and painful lymph nodes, cough, expectoration, dyspnea, bleeding, and other symptoms of severe poisonous blood.
How is the plague prevented?
my country has long had a rigorous, scientific and accurate plague control process:
If you find a suspected or confirmed patient, you should immediately report the epidemic situation by emergency phone and online, within 2 hours in cities and 6 hours in rural areas;
< /li>
At the same time, the patients should be kept in strict isolation, visits and exchanges between patients are prohibited, the excrement of the patients should be thoroughly disinfected, and the dead patients should be cremated;
various types Plague patients should be isolated separately, pneumonic plague patients should be in a separate room, and cannot live in the same room with other plague patients; Days, pneumonic plague patients should be isolated until sputum culture is negative for 6 times;
The plague contacts should be quarantined for 9 days. .
In terms of specific pathogen treatment, the principle is early, combined, sufficient, and sensitive antibiotics.
Hou Yongyue, a second-level researcher at the Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, said that with the continuous advancement of science and technology, plague is no longer synonymous with death, it is completely preventable and controllable Curable.
How can the public protect themselves?
Experts remind the general public: Strictly follow the requirements of the “Three Nos and Three Reports” for plague prevention and control, and be a good personal Protection, improve self-protection awareness and ability.
“Three Nos”: Do not hunt animals that are the source of the disease, do not peel or feed the animals that are the source of the disease, and do not privately Bring the animal and its products out of the epidemic area.
“Three Reports”: report the discovery of sick (dead) marmots and other animals, report the discovery of suspected plague patients, and discover unexplained high fever The sick and the dying are to report.
Should maintain good personal hygiene habits, try to avoid going to crowded places, visiting medical institutions or when individuals have fever, cough and other related symptoms Wear a mask in time.
If you suspect that you have been in contact with the case, you can report to the local CDC. Departments should actively report and obtain professional guidance. Once symptoms such as fever, cough, lymph node pain, hemoptysis or bleeding should occur, they should seek medical attention in time.
Don’t camp overnight in the grasslands when traveling , minimize contact with wild animals, do not play with unidentified marmots, prevent flea bites, use repellents, reduce body exposure, avoid flea bites, and do not hunt privately , edible wild animals.
Source: Science and Technology Daily comprehensively reports from this newspaper (reporter Wang Yingxia and Zhang Jingyang) ), China News Network, @National Emergency Broadcasting, Xinhuanet, etc.
Editor: Zhang Shuang
Review: Zhu Li
Final review: Wang Yu