Author: Gcplive
Source: Center for Drug Evaluation
Diet Factors are important for blood sugar regulation, and the magnitude of the increase in blood sugar is related to the type of carbohydrates in the meal, the amount of carbohydrates, the rate of carbohydrate digestion (the rate at which they are degraded into simple sugars), and the rate of absorption. The fruit season is here. Today I will talk about how diabetic patients choose to eat fruit. I. Glycemic Index (GI)Medical professionals, including diabetics, should master the concept of food “glycemic index”. Definition of Glycemic Index:The rise in blood sugar within 2 hours of consuming a food containing 50 g of carbohydrates The magnitude of high, as a percentage of the magnitude of the increase in blood sugar within 2 hours after ingestion of 50 g of glucose directly. Measurement method of glycemic index (GI): screening 10~15 healthy volunteers or diabetic patients, In the morning on an empty stomach, eat food containing 50g of carbohydrates, then measure the blood sugar on an empty stomach, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after a meal, calculate the area under the blood sugar curve, and compare it with that after eating 50g of glucose. The area under the blood glucose curve was compared. 
Calculation method:
Glucose is usually given a GI of 100. GI>70 is called high GI food and GI<55 is called low GI food. If GI<55, diabetics can eat it; if GI is 55~70, it should be controlled. Second, freshly squeezed juice cannot replace fruit! Dietary fiber slows down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and lowers the glycemic index of foods! Freshly squeezed juice only extracts the sugar, water and some vitamins, while fiber, which delays the absorption of sugar and has anti-cancer effects, is discarded. Therefore, never replace fruit with freshly squeezed juice! 
3. Rumor: Eating pumpkin can lower blood sugarThe glycemic index of pumpkin is 75, which belongs to pumpkin. GI foods. Research at home and abroad has not found that pumpkin contains ingredients that can clearly lower blood sugar. Therefore, eating pumpkin can only raise blood sugar, not lower blood sugar! 
Fourth, high blood sugar is toxic! Eating high GI foods can significantly increase blood sugar. In order to lower blood sugar, pancreatic beta cells can only respond by producing more insulin at full capacity. Insulin promotes fat synthesis. Long-term excessive intake of high GI foods can cause obesity, especially abdominal obesity (apple-shaped). 
Studies have shown that:low GI foods have a small increase in blood sugar, can improve postprandial hyperglycemia, and can Decreases glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). 5. Athletes, why do you prefer bananas? Watermelon has a GI value of 72, which is a high GI food. Banana has a GI value of 52, which is a low GI food. However, watermelon contains only 6.8g of carbohydrates per 100g and bananas contain 20.8g of carbohydrates per 100g. Therefore, athletes prefer bananas and like to eat a little before, during and after the game, which can quickly replenish energy. 
VI. Glycemic load (GL)Glycemic index (GI) only reflects the “quality of carbohydrates” , which does not reflect the “amount” of carbohydrates consumed. For this reason, nutritionists put forward the concept of “glycemic load”. Glycemic load (GL) = GI × the amount of carbohydrates per 1 g of food. For example, glycemic load (GL) of watermelon=72×6.8÷100=4.9; glycemic load (GL) of banana=52×20.8÷100= 10.8. GL>20 is high GL food, GL<10 is low GL food, and GL between 10 and 20 is medium GL food. Eating the same weight of food, the higher the food’s GL value, the greater the rise in blood sugar. VII. GI and GL values of common fruitsGreen part: edible; yellow part: limited consumption; red part: not recommended. 
Special reminder:The most important factor affecting postprandial blood sugar is Therefore, it is necessary to apply GI and GL to guide food selection on the basis of strict control of carbohydrate intake.
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