Tibetan Ice Jade Pillow Kwai Fan Cool Couch–
The ancients used this to escape the summer
Song Anonymous “Summer in the Shadow of Huai Yin”
Ming·Tricolor Butterfly Pillow
Enamel refrigerator used by Emperor Qianlong
The royal group fan in the Qing Dynasty (the pictures in this article are all data maps)
There is a folk saying that “small heat and big heat, high steaming” boil down.” Since ancient times, people have been trying to deal with the extreme heat, and these cooling methods fully reflect the wisdom and wisdom of the ancients.
Cool on ice
< p>The migration of the ancients was very difficult. In the midsummer season, their first thought is not to stay where it is cool, but to use ice cubes to cool down their rooms.
They usually remove ice from the river in winter and store it in the ice cellar or ice room. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, my country already had ice cellars. According to the “Book of Songs, Binfeng, July” records: on the second day, the ice is chiseled, and on the third day, it is absorbed in Lingyin. Lingyin is the ice cellar, also known as the ice house, Ling room, ice room, etc. Lingren is the person in charge of ice affairs for Zhou Tianzi.
However, in a society where productivity is still extremely backward, apart from the royal family, no one else has the financial and material resources to chisel the river to get ice. Therefore, the Zhou royal family regarded ice cubes as a very valuable thing and gave them to those around them. Although it became easier and easier for later generations to take ice, this system of “giving ice” continued until the Ming and Qing dynasties. Liu Tong and Yu Yizheng of the Ming Dynasty wrote “A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital”, which recorded that the Ming court would give ice to ministers of civil and military affairs every year at the beginning of summer. The same is true in the Qing Dynasty, who regarded giving ice as a kind of official welfare. The court gave officials “ice tickets”, and the officials used the tickets to go to designated departments to collect ice cubes.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, ice cellars were divided into official cellars, government cellars and private cellars. The shape of the ice cellar is basically the same, buried 1.5 meters underground, about 11 meters long, about 6 meters wide, and has a volume of more than 330 cubic meters. This requires ice pickers to chisel cubes of specified size and pull them into the ice cellar every three or nine years after the ice is removed from the river. The floor of the ice cellar is generally covered with wood, which is half-buried under the ground side by side, so that the ice cubes will not touch the ground. People cover the ice with a thick layer of leaves to keep it cool and prevent it from melting. The official cellar has full-time officials responsible for collecting natural ice cubes, storing them in the ice cellar, and taking them out during the hot summer for use by the royal family and nobles.
Ice Storage
< p>The ancients kept ice cubes, in addition to the commonly used ice cellar, there was also a “refrigerator”. In 1977, a bronze ice mirror was unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Suixian County, Hubei Province. The working principle of the ice mirror is to rely on the ice cubes around the can inside the can to cool down the wine, fruits, etc. in the can, and the ice cubes in the can also lower the room temperature at the same time.
By the Qing Dynasty, wooden refrigerators cooled by natural ice had been widely used in the court to process summer food and cool down the room temperature. “ice bucket” or “foreign bucket”. The Palace Museum has a pair of cloisonné enamel refrigerators from the Qianlong period in the Qing Dynasty, which are the pinnacle of the development of ancient Tibetan ice utensils in my country.
The ice cubes of the Qing Dynasty were quite popular and were no longer a royal patent. The Qing Dynasty poet Wang Shizhen wrote a poem “The sound of copper bowls calls for selling ice”. At that time, ice sellers in Beijing used copper bowls to bang each other to attract customers. At that time, it was popular for people to eat shaved ice with ice cores in their mouths, so iced food became a must for folks to cool off in the heat.
Porcelain Pillow
The weather is hot, sleep well at night, and lack of energy during the day. The ancients tried to find a way to use the pillows of the bedroom bedding to make pillows with various materials such as jade, porcelain, gypsum, bamboo, and medicine to cool down.
The quality of the pillow can directly tell the class of the owner. The nobles of the upper class use jade as pillows to show their nobility. The common people use gypsum pillows to dispel the summer heat, use porcelain pillows to cool off, or use bamboo pillows.
The jade pillow has the best cooling effect. The jade pillow of the Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty was extremely luxurious. Emerald pillow.
The “Ye Ming Pillow” of Mrs. Guo Guo in the Tang Dynasty is even more unusual. Wang Renyu of the Five Dynasties recorded in the “Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy”: “Yeming pillow” is actually a kind of jade pillow: “Mrs. Guo Guo has a Yeming pillow, which is set in the hall and illuminates a room without false lamps.” In addition, “Gypsum pillow” is also a good thing for the ancients to cool down. In addition to cooling down and enjoying the coolness, it also has the health care function of relieving heat and soothing the nerves. The Tang Dynasty poet Xue Feng wrote “Gypsum Pillow” to praise this artifact: “The outside and inside are transparent and not fake, and it is colder than the snow and white in Yao. Chaolai will send it to the cool bed, I am afraid it will be sold by the wind and the sun.”
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During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the ancients invented the porcelain pillow. The surface is covered with green glaze, which is cool and transparent, cool and relieves the heat. It is very sought after by the royal family and the common people. . Li Qingzhao recorded the scene of the summer in “Drunken Flower Yin”: “Jade pillow gauze cabinet, it is cool in the middle of the night and early through”, this “jade pillow” is not the jade pillow of Empress Dowager Cixi, but a blue and white glaze pillow, because of its innocence like jade, Therefore, it is called “jade pillow”.
Porcelain pillows of different ages have different shapes. In the Tang Dynasty, the shape was quite satisfactory, square and flat; in the Song Dynasty, the length of the porcelain pillow increased, The height is increased, the pillow surface is flat and concave, it is smooth and comfortable, and it is close to the neck.
Clothing
In addition to places to escape the heat, the ancients often used some external tools to relieve the heat, such as fans that are still in use today. The banana fan used by the ancients, or Kwai fan, is said to have been popular since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In “Book of Jin Xie An Biography”, it is mentioned that someone was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown, carrying 50,000 palmetto fans. Xie An began to use them, and scholars rushed to imitate them, and the price rose sharply for a while. Some wealthy families also use mechanical fans. Song Dynasty poet Liu Zihui’s “Summer Song” wrote: “You can’t see Chang’an Gonghou’s house, June is not as hot as summer. The fan car is windy, and the ice threshold is cold and rainy.” “Fan car” seems to be a kind of mechanical fan.
The ancients were very particular about dressing to escape the summer heat. “Sui Guang Ji” quoted “Yuefu Miscellaneous Records”, and mentioned that there was a kind of ice silk in ancient times, which was woven from ice silk. When I met an old woman holding an old weed, I got it for half a thousand. Some Persians saw it and said: This is woven by ice silk. The summer moon is placed on the seat, and the room is cool, and it is rewarded with ten million.” Ice silkworm is a very special kind of silkworm. Mysterious things are known in folklore and literary works as cold and cold. In Su Shi’s poems, there is a sentence “Ice silkworms do not know the cold, and fire mice do not know the heat.”
The ancients also liked to use cool couch and mat. Lu Youshi said: “There are no long things in the hall, and there is a Hunan bamboo bed alone.” “The Hunan bamboo bed” should be a kind of cool couch. Laying a mat is a more common way to escape the heat.
There is also a magical silk called Chengshui silk. When it is hot, you can hang it indoors with water to cool down the house immediately. “Princess Tongchang held a meeting one day, and the heat was coming. The princess ordered to take the silk of clear water, dipped it in water, and hung it in the high hall. The silk was full of thoughts and thoughts. , there is ambergris in it, so it can cool off the heat.” (“Sui Shi Guang Ji”)
Melon and Fruit Drink
You should eat more fruits and drink more drinks to cool off the heat. Zhou Mi’s “Wulin Old Stories” mentioned that ancient summer foods were very rich, including: new lychee, military court plum, bayberry, Xiulian new lotus root, honey tube melon, pepper core loquat, purple ling, birch, ringo, golden peach, Honey-stained Changyuan plum, papaya, bean water, lychee paste, kumquat water ball, hemp drink mustard, white mash, cold water, ice and snow refreshing things, etc.
The category of “cold water” includes the following categories: sweet bean soup, coconut wine, bean water, deer pear milk , bittern plum water, ginger honey water, papaya juice, tea, agarwood perfume, lychee paste water, bitter water, kumquat balls, snow bubble shrinking drink (inscribed as “shrinking the spleen” in Song Dynasty), plum blossom wine, fragrant glutinous rice drink, Wuling Dashun loose, perilla drink. The ancients could also eat iced fruit and drink iced wine when they escaped the heat. (Comprehensive editing of this edition)
[Source: Daily Gansu News]
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