In the “14th Five-Year Plan for National Eye Health (2021-2025)” issued by the National Health Commission, focus on key points The crowd is children, adolescents, and the elderly. The key eye diseases focus on refractive errors such as myopia, cataracts, fundus diseases, glaucoma and corneal blindness. [1]
Among them, cataract, as the world’s first blinding eye disease, has always been associated with the elderly.
When we are looking at things, the focus of the concentrated light can accurately fall on the retina, mostly thanks to the lens. The lens is the main refractive structure of the eyeball. The normal lens is transparent and has the shape of a biconvex lens.
Like a camera lens, if it is covered with dust, the picture will be blurred. Similarly, if the lens gradually becomes cloudy from transparent, human vision will be blurred.
Picture source: Baotu.com
In general, cataract-prone populations Elderly people are senile cataracts caused by the aging and opacity of the lens with age, and the incidence increases with age.
The main symptom of cataract is blurred vision, double vision and glare when looking at things, accompanied by visual field defects and color vision changes, which can lead to severe blindness.
However, in addition to age (lens aging), genetic, trauma, radiation and metabolic abnormalities can cause cataracts. According to the relevant factors, it can be divided into senile cataract, congenital cataract, metabolic cataract, hormonal cataract and complicated cataract.
Therefore, cataracts are not only more common in the elderly, but also in children.
Congenital cataract
Congenital cataract is a common eye disease in children and also causes amblyopia and blindness in children an important reason.
Congenital cataracts refer to cataracts that are present after birth, or that develop gradually during childhood due to congenital hereditary or developmental disorders.
The cause of congenital cataract is not fully understood, but about 30% are caused by genetic factors. [2]
In addition, mothers have viral infections during pregnancy, such as rubella virus, chickenpox virus and herpes simplex virus infection, especially rubella virus infection in early pregnancy, which can lead to Congenital rubella syndrome characterized by congenital defects such as neural deafness and congenital cataract.
Also pregnancy malnutrition, taking hormones and other drugs and lack of vitamin D can also cause children’s crystal growth and development disorders.
How can cataracts be prevented?
1. The elderly and children can have an eye examination once a year;
2. Develop a balanced and healthy eating habit, eat more vitamin C and E Eat less fried food, and don’t drink alcohol;
3. Pay attention to eye hygiene, use eyes reasonably, and wear dark sunglasses when going out to reduce UV exposure;
4 , Pregnant women regularly do prenatal examinations, such as TORCH screening (toxoplasma TOX, rubella virus RV, cytomegalovirus CMV, herpes simplex virus HSV and other pathogens, etc.);
5. Actively treat diabetes, hypertension, etc., and eye diseases such as glaucoma;
References:
[1] National Health and Health Notice of the Commission on Printing and Distributing the “14th Five-Year” National Eye Health Plan (2021-2025)
http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-01/17 /content_5668951.htm
[2] Shen Jiawei, Xue Chunyan. Research progress on genetic mechanism of congenital cataract [J]. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2022,35(01):98-102.
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