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WuXi AppTec Content Team Editor
A few days ago, the top academic journal Nature published a research paper in the form of “Accelerated Article Preview”, highlighting the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Effects on the nervous system. After analyzing the brain scans of hundreds of patients, researchers at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom found that after infection with the new coronavirus, degenerative changes in brain regions related to smell, memory, etc. occurred.
In the more than two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have come to realize that COVID-19 is not just a respiratory disease, but affects multiple tissues in the body and organs. For example, it affects the central nervous system, resulting in loss of smell and taste, fatigue, cognitive decline, and some patients also experience stroke and more severe symptoms of impaired consciousness. There are even some studies reporting that some young people develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease after contracting the new crown.
In addition, several recent epidemiological investigations have shown that multisystem injury may have long-term health effects. Patients with mild symptoms at first face a higher risk of multiple psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, within a year of infection.
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For the damage to the central nervous system caused by the new coronavirus, some previous studies have found strong evidence in the examination of critically ill patients. How much is the brain affected by COVID-19 in the more common and larger number of mild cases? This study focuses on this more intriguing issue.
To this end, researchers at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom conducted the first longitudinal brain imaging study of new crown infection, using data from the UK Biobank (UK Biobank), surveying 785 participants ( age between 51 and 81). The participants had two brain scans, an average of nearly 3 years apart, and underwent cognitive tests so they could compare before and after. About half (401 people) tested positive for 2019-nCoV between brain imaging, 15 of them were hospitalized, the vast majority were mild; the rest were age- and sex-matched controls.
▲Analysis of brain imaging data before and after infection showed that brain regions such as parahippocampal gyrus, olfactory cortex and left orbitofrontal cortex showed higher Longitudinal differences manifested in decreased cortical thickness and increased tissue damage (Image source: Reference [1])
Through imaging comparisons, the researchers observed three significant changes after infection. In the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, brain regions associated with smell and event memory, grey matter thickness was significantly reduced after COVID-19 infection. Moreover, tissue damage signals were more pronounced in the brain regions directly connected to the primary olfactory cortex. In addition, subjects who had been infected with COVID-19 showed an average decrease in overall brain volume.
These brain changes associated with Covid-19 are long-term effects, given that the participants had an average interval of 141 days between confirmation of Covid-19 infection and their second brain scan.
Image source: 123RF
Researchers also used cognitive tests to find that, on average, coronavirus-infected subjects experienced greater cognitive decline between scans >, a significant association was observed even after excluding 15 hospitalizations. In addition to the affected limbic and olfactory cortical systems, cognitive decline was also associated with increased atrophy of brain regions in the cerebellum and associated with cognitive function.
The researchers conducted a controlled analysis in people with pneumonia unrelated to Covid-19, further showing that the changes were Covid-specific and not the general effect of respiratory illness.
From these results, COVID-19-induced degenerative changes in the brain may be via olfactory pathways, nervous system inflammation, or a loss of sensory input due to anosmia. way. Whether these effects will persist in the long termContinued, and whether the effects are partially reversible, scientists say further tracking is needed.
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