Recently, high temperatures have continued in many parts of the country, many people have been diagnosed with heat stroke, and there have been fatal cases.On the 15th, the National Health and Medical Commission released an authoritative answer to questions about heat stroke.
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What is heat stroke Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related emergency, or severe heat stroke, and is caused by exposure to high temperature and humidity The imbalance of the body’s regulatory function in the environment, the heat production is greater than the heat dissipation, resulting in a rapid increase in the core temperature, exceeding 40 ° C, a serious and fatal disease with skin burning, disturbance of consciousness (such as delirium, convulsions, coma) and multiple organ dysfunction. The most severe type of heatstroke, Once it occurs, the mortality rate is extremely high. According to the different causes and susceptible groups, heat stroke can be divided into exertional heat stroke and non-exertional heat stroke (also known as classic heat stroke).
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Why you get heat strokeThe climate is hot and humid Factors and high-intensity physical activity are the most important risk factors for heat stroke. Classic heat stroke is mainly caused by high temperature and/or high humidity environmental factors, usually without strenuous physical activity. Exertional heat stroke is mainly caused by the imbalance between heat production and heat dissipation caused by high-intensity physical activity.
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What are the common symptoms of heat strokeheat stroke The common symptoms of HS include: 1. Elevated body temperature: Elevated body temperature is the main feature of heat stroke. The core body temperature of the patients is mostly above 40°C. 2. Symptoms of the central nervous system: The dysfunction of the central nervous system is the main feature of heat stroke, and severe damage can occur in the early stage, manifested as: delirium, lethargy, seizures , coma, etc.; other abnormal manifestations of the nervous system may also occur, including strange behavior, hallucinations, opisthotonus, and tonicity. Some patients may have long-term central nervous system damage in the later stage, mainly manifested as inattention, memory loss, cognitive impairment, language impairment, ataxia, etc. 3. Other symptoms:Headache, nausea, redness, increased skin temperature, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, muscle cramps or weakness.
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What to do at the scene Heat stroke can be life-threatening, trying to cool the patient At the same time, others around you should help make an emergency call. 1. Move the patient to a cool place. 2. No matter what method is used, cool the patient quickly. Such as soaking the patient in cool water in a bathtub; placing the patient under a cool shower; spraying the patient with cool flower water; wiping the patient’s body with cool water; compressing the head with a cool wet towel or ice pack In dry weather, wrap the patient in a sheet or clothing soaked in cool water and blow hard with a fan. 3. The muscles of patients with heat stroke may involuntarily twitch. When this happens, avoid the patient harming themselves. Do not put anything in the patient’s mouth and do not attempt to give the patient water. If the patient vomits, turn the patient on their side to ensure that the airway is clear and avoid aspiration.
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Which conditions require immediate medical attentionIf Seek medical attention: 1. The body temperature continues to rise, even exceeding 40℃, you should seek medical attention in time. 2. Headache: If you have persistent headache in a high temperature environment or after heavy physical labor, you should go to the hospital for medical treatment in time. 3. Muscle spasm: If the muscles of the whole body, especially the muscles of the limbs, twitch involuntarily in a high temperature environment or after heavy physical labor, you should seek medical attention in time. 4. Shallow and fast breathing: The breathing rate is accelerated, exceeding 20 breaths/min, and the inhalation and exhalation volume is small, so seek medical attention in time. 5. Nausea: If you feel like vomiting but can’t vomit, you should seek medical attention in time. Patients who find the following conditions should immediately go to the doctor or dial 120 for assistance: 1. Comatose: loss of consciousness, Slow or no response to external stimuli; 2. Extreme weakness: When you feel no strength and can barely move; 3. Confusion: Inability to accurately perceive people or things around you, such as not knowing where you are or what other people are saying; 4. Delirium: Insanity, gibberish; 5. Epilepsy: Involuntary twitching of the muscles of the whole body, no consciousness, no response to external stimuli.
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How to prevent heat stroke The key to reducing heat stroke mortality is prevention. The most effective preventive measures are Avoid high temperature (high humidity) and unventilated environments, reduce and avoid risk factors for heat stroke, ensure adequate rest time, and avoid the occurrence of dehydration, thereby reducing the incidence and mortality of heat stroke.
Editor: Zhang Qiqi
Review: Zhu Li
Final judgment: Wang Yu