Cholera appeared in Wuhan University! All teachers and students of the school conducted anal swab tests, and ancient bacteria have resurfaced? Is it related to the United States again?

On July 10, Wuhan University issued an announcement that there was a suspected case of cholera in the dormitory of the Faculty of Engineering, and all students in the building were tested by anal swabs. As soon as the news came out, it immediately caused great attention from society. As of press time, the test results of this student have been released. The serological agglutination test of the case was O139 positive, and the diagnosis was cholera.The student is currently in close contact with 3 people (2 roommates in the same room, 1 person in the same meal), all have been transferred to the school isolation point for centralized isolation! Where is the source of this cholera infection?

? It is rare for the source to appear in colleges and universities! Are you related to the US again?

Since the occurrence of cholera, many doctors have questioned it. Dr. Wang Yajie (pseudonym) of Wuhan Children’s Hospital questioned, cholera usually occurs in coastal areas Region, why is it in central Wuhan this time? Cholera usually occurs in rural areas with poor sanitation. Colleges and universities are generally not the origin of cholera, and students have recently been closed in schools without contact with outsiders. Where does Vibrio cholera come from? Come? Could it just appear out of thin air? For a while, the fog was cloudy. It just so happened that Burns, the US ambassador to China, recently visited Wuhan University. This time, Burns suddenly became the focus of millions of netizens. Many people said:Cholera is the poison of America! Is that true? Maybe we shouldn’t take this matter with conspiracy theories. Lancet’s latest research believes that O139 Vibrio cholerae may exist in the natural environment itself, and it can never be completely eliminated without any subgroup mutation. Its ecological niche is in saline coastal waters and estuaries, often associated with zooplankton and shellfish, and when the right moment comes, its activity and pathogenicity can be activated to infect humans. From this, we can speculate that the student was infected with cholera by eating undercooked seafood? What the truth is, no one can be sure at present, and further investigation is needed. Facing the season of high incidence of cholera, the only thing we can do to prevent cholera is to wash our hands frequently, eat cooked food, not drink raw water and pay attention to hygiene.

Why are people so afraid of cholera? Hasn’t the ancient virus been eliminated long ago?

Cholera is the same as the plague in Chinaonly Class II A severe infectious disease, the causative agent is Vibrio cholerae rather than a virus. Judging from another translation of “Hu Lie La”, it is also enough to show its ferocity. Once discovered, it must be reported immediately. Cholera infection, in most cases, causes only mild diarrhea or no symptoms at all. Typical symptoms are startling diarrhea, severe dehydration, and attendant loss of large amounts of sodium ions and electrolytes. Severe nausea and vomiting make it extremely difficult for patients to drink water, and can also cause limb spasms and severe pain. If treatment is not timely, severe dehydration can lead to death in a short period of time. In order to adapt to different environments such as the human gut and various oceans, Vibrio cholerae O1 (and O139) have perfected systems to rapidly regulate their gene expression in response to environmental changes after entering the human body. It is generally believed that bacterial colonization and the production and action of cholera enterotoxin in the small intestine are important causes of cholera infection and disease. in addition, a large number of cholera-infected persons may be present in feces. Vibrio, Vibrio will spread with a large number of water systems, and will cause a large number of people to be infected with cholera by drinking or eating unsterilized water or food contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. So, whenever people hear about a case of cholera in a certain place, they can’t help but shudder. Faced with cholera cases in Wuhan University, few people on the Internet are confusedAnswer, Isn’t the ancient bacterium cholera eliminated long ago? Why did it suddenly appear again? Will it cause a new wave of popularity? 1949-1961, cholera almost disappeared in my country, but since the first epidemic in Yangjiang, Guangdong, the seventh global epidemic since 1961. It has been distributed continuously for 61 years. Among them, there were three epidemic peaks in my country from 1961 to 1999. In 1993, the first outbreak of cholera of serogroup O139 occurred in Keping County, Xinjiang. In that year, there were 11,918 cases nationwide, and the distribution involved 12 provinces. In 1994, the epidemic became more serious, with a total of 35,000 cases reported, and the regional distribution expanded to 24 provinces, which was the year with the widest regional distribution since 1961. In the following seven years, except for the 10,000 cases in 1995 and 1998, the number of other cases remained at the four-digit level. Entering the 21st century, cholera has been basically controlled in my country. According to the statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the largest epidemic in my country in the past 20 years occurred in 2005, and nearly 1,000 people were infected. Since 2011, the number of infections in the country has been controlled in double digits, and the associated deaths have tended to zero. Data source: CDC and China Statistical YearbookH12222 The number of people infected with the diseaseAs for whether cholera will cause a new round of epidemics in China, the person in charge of the Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention told reporters, At present, it should not be, the campus Although cholera infection occurred in China, it was detected in time, detected in time, and monitored in time. In addition, the Wuchang District Health Bureau has organized professional institutions to conduct sampling, testing and tracking management of relevant personnel, and temporarily seal and control and disinfect relevant places. No new cases have been found so far. After all, once cholera is prevalent, under the current situation of the increasingly serious new crown epidemic, two infectious diseases are cross-infected. Next, what kind of moth might happen!

Cell’s latest research: maintaining the stability of its own intestinal flora can reduce the colonization of Vibrio cholera

Currently, the treatment system of oral rehydration, intravenous infusion and antibiotics can effectively treat cholera. In addition, the Lancet study shows that the protection rate of oral cholera vaccine can reach 85%. However, in addition to the above conventional knowledge, prevention of cholera may be related to intestinal bacteria Groups also have certain connections. Intestinal flora (intestinal microbes) refers to all the microbial communities inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract. Microorganisms metabolize and synthesize nutrients for the body. When foreign pathogens invade, the intestinal microorganisms also turn into a barrier to protect the body. According to a mouse study recently published in Cell, researchers at the University of California, Riverside, Hsiao et al. pointed out that Vibrio cholerae can easily colonize the gut with disturbed intestinal flora, and when the intestinal flora is balanced, the virulence and colonization ability of Vibrio cholerae will be reduced, and probiotics are often supplemented to maintain intestinal bacteria Colony stabilization is effective against Vibrio cholerae. The study also found that Blautia obeum in the gut microbiota degrades bile taurocholate, a virulence gene that activates Vibrio cholerae. Substances, thereby inhibiting the expression of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes and reducing the colonization of Vibrio cholerae. In addition, the latest evidence shows that when Vibrio cholerae successfully penetrated the stomach and invaded the intestine, as one of the first frontline fighters to meet the enemy, Certain bacteria in the gut microbiota are directed against Vibrio cholerae. A study published in Microbiome by researchers at Yonsei University School of Medicine in South Korea in 2019 found that Bacteroides vulgatus—in the intestinal tract of mice It belongs to a dominant strain of Bacteroidetes, which can effectively inhibit the infection of Vibrio cholerae. Although the above studies are still in the stage of animal models, they still provide new targets for individualized prevention strategies for Vibrio cholerae infection. Not much to say, hurry up and balance your intestinal flora, or you will have to poke chrysanthemums if you get cholera!