“Shen Du Jun, the ‘anti-cancer drug’ PD-1 has entered the medical insurance? This is a great good thing!”
PD-1 What is it? Why can cure cancer? Where is the “anti-cancer magic drug”?
This topic, deep reading, don’t play tricks, don’t play routines, come to a “PD-1 topic” solidly, let’s go!
What is PD-1?
PD-1aka programmed death Receptor-1, is a cell surface< strong>proteins, are important immunosuppressive molecules.
What we often say isPD-1 drugs, but PD-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor is an anti-tumor drug developed by scientists span>.
The history of PD-1 (PD-L1)
In 1992, Japanese professor Honjosuke discovered that in the cell membrane of T cells On the surface, there is a protein that can induce T cell apoptosis, named PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1).
In 2000, scientists identified other tissue cells in the human body. On the cell membrane, it was found that it can bind to PD-1 protein, named PD-L1 (programmed death receptor ligand-1) .
In 2002, scientists discovered that many tumor cellsexist on the surface of PD-L1, also interacts with T cells on PD-L1 /span>PD-1 binds, allowing it to hide the immune system strong>.
2014, the first PD-1 inhibitorapproved in the U.S. listed.
In December 2015, former US President Carter received 4 months of PD-1 inhibitors successfully healedbrainmelanin in , which made PD-1 therapy a dead end.
Why PD-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors can cure cancer Woolen cloth?
The human bodyis like a well-organized cell World.
B cells and T cellsTheseimmune cells, like the police, are responsible forrecognition< /strong>andeliminateinvadingforeign objectsandtumor cells.
Tissue cells, like inhabitants of the cellular world.
They are identified by the police and will receive a“Good Guy Card”, From now on, live and work in peace under the protection of immune system.
tumor cells, like the cell worldbad molecules< /span>.
They can’t be identified by the police, they don’t have a “good person card”, they hide in Tibet all day, and if they are found, they will die.
How does the immune system distinguish between “good” and “bad” people ?
PD-1 (PD-L1)is thatIdentification mechanismOne of the .
cellcell membrane< span>A variety of protein “pendants” hang on the “< /span>Pendant”get to know each other.
T cellsthere is a ‘pendant’ called PD-1 , kind of like a card reader.
Sometissue cell surface, there is a called The “Pendant” of PD-L1 is a bit like a residence permit.
histiocytesraise their ownPD-L1, against T cellsPD-1 span>, Didi Di, “My own person, send a good person card.”
Under normal circumstances, < span>T cellsencountertumor cells, recognize them, and kill them directly.
Of course, some tumor cells< /span> also grew outPD-L1 “Pendant”, and encountered < strong>T cells, immediately took out the residence permit, and was mistakenly sent by T cellsgot a “good guy card” .
tumor cellsjust jumped outimmune system monitoring span>, medically this is called immune escape.
Scientists learn thattumor cellscan utilize PD-1 (PD-L1)The loopholes in this identification system escaped and caused terrible disasters, so I tried to plug this one span>The escape route of tumor cells.
PD-1 inhibitor was born
PD-1 inhibitor, that is, a batch of airborne “artificial PD-L1” enters the human body, preemptively interacts with T cellson PD -1 combined with , allowing tumor cells‘s PD-L1has no chance at all with T cellson PD-1 binding.
Open your mind, PD-1 inhibitorslike a batch of< /span>“Counterfeit Residence Permit”, span>Tumor cellsHolding a residence permit to defraud a “good person card“< span>, it was found thatT cells were all working overtime to process the “artificial residence permit”, tumor Cellscan’t line up at all, and can’t deceive the “good guy card”.
PD-L1 inhibitor< The principle of span> is the same as the above, a simple understanding is to make PD-L1this“protein” pendant”disabled, allowing tissue cells and Tumor cellscan’t get a “good person card” through this identification system.
Without the “good man card”tumor cells, can soon be The immune systemkills. This is PD-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, which can anti-tumor‘s secret.
“Shen Du Jun, PD-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are too powerful Ah, it is indeed an ‘anti-cancer drug’!”
Speaking of this, Shen Dujun really wants to praise the scientists for a treatment plan with such a big brain hole Can also think of it, YYDS!
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