“Why now, as soon as I go to the hospital, the doctor asks me to draw blood for a blood routine. Is it useful? Can it detect cancer?”
The background received a private message, the blood routine is from the hospital The most common examination, whether it is internal medicine, surgery, orthopedics, pediatrics… From a cold to a big cancer, almost all blood routines are done, but it is also the most incomprehensible examination for patients. All kinds of messy arrows, making people very headache.
1. Why do doctors often ask for routine blood tests, and what diseases can it detect?
Routine blood, commonly known as “blood picture”, is the most common blood test in clinical practice. Many indicators in blood routine are commonly used sensitive indicators for pathological changes, among which leukocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets have the most diagnostic reference value. In particular, some people who are often pale, dizzy, thin, and have unknown masses on their bodies should go to the blood department for examination. What is the use of blood routine, Xiao Ai lists some of the most common ones.
1. Cold, fever, infection, inflammation
The level of white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes and other indicators in the blood routine is important for judging whether there is a Viral infection, whether there is cell infection or not, plays a very important role.
2. Anemia
The red blood cells, hemoglobin, etc. in the blood routine are used to diagnose anemia standard. It is also an important indicator for the clinical cause of disease, judging prognosis, deciding whether to transfuse or not, and evaluating the effect of blood transfusion.
3. Blood diseases
Leukemia, purpura, etc. in blood diseases mainly refer to white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes and their proportions.
4. Whether there is abnormal spleen function
When hypersplenism caused by various liver diseases, white blood cells and platelets are often reduced, so patients with liver disease Routine blood tests are often required.
Two, can blood routine detect cancer? Attention should be paid to 4 kinds of abnormalities in the indicators
Can the abnormality of cells be judged through blood test? In fact, most solid tumors show no obvious abnormality in the early stage, and even tumor markers are difficult to detect. Therefore, it is difficult to detect the existence of tumors through routine blood examination alone.
However, Liang Yun, Chief Physician of the Department of Hematology at the Second Hospital of Zhejiang University said that for some experienced hematologists, these performances of blood routine may be related to cancer of the blood system.
1, one high and two low
acute leukemia patients’ blood routine index will appear abnormally elevated white blood cells , Anemia and thrombocytopenia occur at the same time, that is, “one high and two lows”, the patient will experience dizziness, pale lips, chest tightness and shortness of breath after activity, as well as nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or bleeding after minor skin bumps.
2. There are immature granulocytes in various stages that should not appear
At the end of the test sheet, you can see the various stages that should not appear. Stages of immature granulocytes (myeloid, metamyeloid, rod-shaped granulocyte), and a small number of immature cells, likely point to chronic myeloid leukemia. The mechanism of the disease is mainly related to p210, a protein with kinase activity that stimulates the continuous proliferation of granulocytes.
3, the total number and proportion of lymphocytes were significantly increased
the number of normal lymphocytes>5× 10⁹/L, if the proportion of blood test results is significantly increased, it is likely to be related to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
4. Abnormal increase of various blood cells
The abnormal increase of various components in the blood routine may also point to myeloproliferative tumor , a very slow-growing hematopoietic malignancy. Mainly include: polycythemia vera, blood routine can show a large increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin; essential thrombocythemia, mainly for the platelet count is greater than normal.
It should be emphasized that even hematological tumors are difficult to be diagnosed solely by blood routine examination, and other suitable examination items should be further selected according to the prompts of blood routine examination. to help diagnose.
Third, what should be paid attention to when doing blood routine?
Although it is just a simple blood draw, in order to make the data more reference, these matters need to be paid attention to before the general blood test:
1. Pay attention to your diet before the test
Do not eat too much greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood test, and avoid heavy drinking; try to eat dinner as early as possible the day before the physical examination, and keep Fasting, blood draws require 12 hours of fasting.
2. Relax while doing it
Don’t be too nervous when drawing blood, try not to stare at the needle, look around to divert attention, avoid the constriction of blood vessels caused by fear, and increase the difficulty of blood collection.
3. Reasonable pressure after finishing.
There are individual differences in coagulation time. Some people may need a longer time to coagulate, so it is necessary to increase Press time to completely stop the bleeding. If there is bleeding tendency, the compression time should be prolonged.
Fourth, extended reading: Where does the blood in the blood routine go?
In the blood test, less than one tube of blood may be used. For these “surplus” blood, the hospital does not immediately dispose of it, but stores it in the hematology department for backup. When the patient or doctor has doubts about the blood test report, the remaining blood can be used for retesting. Blood samples that are no longer needed are disposed of as medical waste.
Of course, the treatment process is very rigorous, and it needs to be uniformly treated after autoclaving or chemical treatment to avoid contamination.
Although many people do not understand the blood routine report, it can indeed give doctors a reference for many diseases, so blood drawing is not “wasteful” and should be taken seriously.
References:
[1] “Blood routine can also detect tumors! The clues are hidden in these indicators”. The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University. 2020-04-16
[2] “What are the items and precautions for routine blood tests? Zhangzhou No. 3 Hospital Health Checkup. 2020-07-28
[3] “Why does the hospital always have to draw blood when seeing a doctor, where does so much blood end up”. Health Jilin 12320 .2021 -03-10