What is OGTT? The full name of OGTT is oral glucose tolerance test, that is, 300ml of liquid containing 75g of glucose is taken orally within 5 minutes, and the blood glucose level is measured before, 1 hour, and 2 hours after sugar. The main purpose is to use this test to diagnose whether you have diabetes.
Why do I have to do OGTT? Because gestational diabetes usually has no obvious symptoms, and sometimes fasting blood sugar may be normal, it is easy to miss the diagnosis and delay treatment. The simple test of OGTT can confirm whether you have gestational diabetes. And gestational diabetes is very harmful to mother and child. For pregnant mothers, it may increase the spontaneous abortion rate, be prone to complications of gestational hypertension, increase the incidence of polyhydramnios and macrosomia, lead to dystocia, birth canal injury, cesarean section, and high incidence of postpartum hemorrhage; The incidences of macrosomia, fetal growth restriction, premature birth, fetal malformation, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycythemia, etc. are all higher than normal. Neonatal high impact of pregnancy.
When is the OGTT done? ①It is recommended that all pregnant women go to a qualified hospital for OGTT at 24-28 weeks of gestation to determine whether they have gestational diabetes; ②If the first visit of pregnant women is after 28 weeks, it is recommended to perform OGTT at the first visit Or fasting blood glucose test; ③ For pregnant women with high risk factors for diabetes, those with normal OGTT for the first time should repeat the OGTT test in the third trimester if necessary.
What are the considerations for an OGTT test? Fasting for at least 8 hours before the OGTT examination, eating normally for 3 consecutive days before the test, that is, eating no less than 150g of carbohydrates per day, sitting quietly, smoking cessation, and fasting during the examination. During the examination, 300ml of liquid containing 75g of glucose was taken orally within 5 minutes, and the timing from the first mouthful of sugar water was taken, and the venous blood before, 1 hour, and 2 hours after the sugar was taken to measure the blood sugar level of the pregnant woman.
Interpretation of OGTT results: Fasting blood glucose <5.1mmol/L, 1 hour blood glucose <10.0mmol/L, 2 hour blood glucose <8.5mmol/L are normal; if any of these Gestational diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed when the blood sugar level of each item reaches or exceeds the above criteria. Management follow-up at the obstetric diabetes clinic is required.
【Liu Xin, Second Department of Obstetrics, Tengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital】