How did you thank your mother on Mother’s Day that just ended? In retrospect: “Last year was a bouquet of carnations, the year before last was a beautiful dress…” In fact, the concern for mother’s health requires immediate action and love that returns!
As a mother, whether the child is waiting to be fed, a toddler, or has gone to school or work, the role of a mother, both physically and emotionally, is in a state of wear and tear and overdraft , most of the energy is devoted to taking care of the family, and it is often easy to neglect one’s own health, while the physical function is in a downward trend, and many diseases come together…especially breast cancer, which is the number one health killer of women!
Therefore, it is necessary to understand the basic knowledge about breast, why is breast hyperplasia so common? Will it progress to breast cancer? What factors is it related to?
Dr. Chunyu, the expert lecture hall in this issue, specially invited Yang Xue, Deputy Director of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, to bring you breast knowledge and health science, and pay attention to mother’s health together.
What is a breast nodule?
According to Dr. Yang Xue, 70%-80% of women will encounter “breast nodules” in their lifetime, and Breast nodules are a phenomenon, a symptom, not a disease itself.
Breast hyperplasia, breast fibroma, breast cyst, breast cancer, etc. can all manifest as breast nodules, and about 80% of breast nodules are benign.
(BI-RADS classification of breast nodules)
therefore If there is a breast nodule in the physical examination, don’t panic, just follow up and observe regularly. If the nodule is large, has corresponding symptoms, or is at risk of cancer, the doctor will conduct further inspection and diagnosis, and formulate corresponding treatment plans .
Breast cancer prevalence
Breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor formed by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast epithelial (ductal or lobular epithelium) tissue under the action of various carcinogenic factors. It is the most common malignant tumor in women, and breast cancer can also occur in men. .
(Worldwide incidence (left) and mortality (right) of female breast cancer (pink))
(The incidence and mortality of breast cancer in my country)
However Even if you suffer from breast cancer unfortunately, don’t be too pessimistic and hopeless. Compared with other cancers, the survival rate of breast cancer is still higher, and a considerable part of early breast cancer can be cured with appropriate treatment.
Nowadays, the five-year survival rate of early breast cancer can reach more than 95%, and the probability of cure is very high. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and standardization of breast cancer must be achieved. treat.
(5-year breast cancer survival rates worldwide)
< span>If you find yourself with the following suspicious symptoms, you need to seek medical attention in time:
Lump or thickening of the breast;
The breast skin is swollen, pitted, red, or painful; Change;
abnormal discharge from the nipple.
Most breast cancers are asymptomatic in the early stage, so self-examination and regular screening are needed to detect breast cancer early and reduce breast cancer death Rate.
Common breast diseases
< span>Next, Dr. Yang Xue will start from the structure of the breast, focusing on several common breast diseases.
(structure of breast)
Breast hyperplasia
Breast hyperplasia is neither tumor nor inflammation, but a disorder of breast structure. Its mechanism is related to the disturbance of the body’s endocrine environment and involution.
BreastThe main manifestations of hyperplasia are breast pain (especially before and after menstruation), tenderness, localized thickening of the gland or the formation of a mass. Mostly in 30 to 50 years old, it is rare in adolescents and postmenopausal women.
To reduce the symptoms of breast growth, keep a positive and optimistic attitude in daily life, pay attention to menstrual health care, avoid irritability and anger, and live a regular and laborious life. Ease of combination, maintain adequate sleep, and pay attention to breast self-examination, regular review.
Breast Fibroadenoma
Breast Fibroadenoma Adenofibroma, also known as adenofibroma, is a common benign female breast tumor, commonly found in young women. % chance of malignant transformation.
Most breast fibroadenomas are spherical or oval masses, isolated, with clear borders, good mobility, basically no pain, and the size of the masses does not change due to the menstrual cycle .
If the breast fibroma is small (<3cm) and grows slowly or does not change, follow-up can be observed. Surgical removal is the only effective treatment if breast fibroids are growing rapidly or are complicated.
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is defined as Under the action of various carcinogenic factors, breast epithelial (ductal or lobular epithelium) tissue proliferates out of control and forms a malignant tumor.
Breast cancer patients mainly have local symptoms such as breast lumps, nipple and areola changes, breast skin changes, nipple discharge and other local symptoms. Advanced cancer cells can metastasize to other organs in the body. A range of symptoms.
It is mainly manifested as a sudden onset of the mass, rapidly increasing, painless, single mass. Hard, the surface is not smooth, the edges are not sharp, and it will not be pushed easily.
The red flags in the report, the lobes, the burrs, are often like a dancing crab. It may be accompanied by cellulite-like skin changes, sunken nipples, bloody discharge, and repeated nipple ulceration.
(risk factors for breast cancer)
Interactive Q&A Session
Q:Mammary gland How to pay attention to the festival?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: First, see the doctor to suggest whether surgery is needed. If surgery is needed, do it as soon as possible. , daily pay attention to rest more, maintain a happy mood, reduce anxiety, tension, stay up late, and sleep adequately and regularly.
Q: Does phyllodes tumor need to be removed?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: It should be cut as soon as possible.
Q: I was afraid of dying when I had a lump before, so I went to the hospital for an ultrasound immediately. Later, the doctor said that there was a lump and I went home for observation. Well, wait until the aunt’s period is over and there is a lump, but after the aunt’s period, the lump is gone. What’s the reason?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: This kind of lump may be caused by the breast hyperplasia we mentioned earlier. Or do a color Doppler ultrasound examination in a comprehensive tertiary hospital, and continue to observe the mass.
Q: I am 23 years old and have a lot of breast nodules. Is it easy to cause cancer?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: Most of them are fibroids, and the probability of cancer is very small. In daily life, emotions, sleep, etc. Pay more attention, don’t work overtime often, don’t be too anxious, and review regularly.
Q: Is it less likely to have breast nodules if I don’t wear underwear, and it will be better for the breasts?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: In fact, there is no relationship between wearing underwear and breast cancer, but if you wear appropriate underwear , It can prevent breast sagging to a certain extent, and the shape will be better, especially when exercising, it is recommended to wear sports underwear to avoid breast strain.
Q:There is always a white discharge from one nipple, which is concave. The smell is not good, the smell of sweating, what is the reason?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: If it is born with no cancer symptoms, regular observation and follow-up will do. I personally think it may be because If it is concave, the secretion is not easy to dissipate, and there will be some long-term inflammatory stimulation, which will increase the risk of some cancers, so it is necessary to check regularly.
Q: B-ultrasound showed 4a nodules, half a year after weaning during lactation, mammography was done for 3 types, and puncture was needed for diagnosis ? Is my situation serious?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: In category 4a, the operation is safer. You can also have an MRI to check again. The puncture may miss the diagnosis. , if the change is not big, you can also downgrade and continue to observe.
Q: Does the endocrine of polycystic ovary also affect the breast?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: The effect is not great, and the use of exogenous hormones should be minimized to reduce the impact on the breast. If you want a baby, you can adjust it after consulting a doctor.
Q: Is it necessary to discharge residual milk after breastfeeding, will the remaining milk become breast nodules?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: No, breastfeeding is a kind of positive feedback. They generally resorb or turn into hollow cysts, which have no effect on the body and do not turn into nodules.
Q: Can breast nodules, hyperplasia and breast cancer be cured completely?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: Most of early breast cancers are curable, and so are breast nodules, like fibroids It’s okay, mammary gland hyperplasia usually pays more attention to lifestyle and emotional regulationThat’s it.
Q:Is there any risk of having different breast sizes on both sides? Right breast is small.
Deputy Director Yang Xue: There is no relationship between breast size and breast cancer risk.
Q: Teacher, do I need to avoid menstrual periods or something when I have breast cancer screening?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: In fact, it doesn’t have much impact. If you want to look more closely, you can do it after menstruation Color Doppler.
Q: I was pregnant and my breasts got bigger, but both breasts have big and obvious lumps, does it matter?
Deputy Director Yang Xue: It may be breast hyperplasia. It is recommended to do a color Doppler ultrasound examination. Breast cancer has a higher chance of getting worse, so you should pay more attention to breast changes.
Source: Expert live PPT courseware