Milk, yogurt, cheese, cheese… are common in our lives Dairy products have become more and more common on Chinese dining tables in recent years.
Dairy products are a good source of protein, calcium and vitamin D. In the “Balanced Diet Pagoda for Chinese Residents (2022)” just updated this year, it is recommended that a variety of dairy products should be eaten every day, and the intake is equivalent to more than 300ml of liquid milk per day.
Source: Chinese Nutrition Society
It has long been emphasized that milk product benefits. But blindly increasing the intake of dairy products, is it beneficial and harmless?
May 6,An 11-year prospective cohort study of more than 500,000 Chinese showed that higher dairy consumption intake is associated with a higher risk of liver cancer, breast cancer in women, and lymphoma. The study was jointly published in BMC Medicine by researchers from Oxford University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking University, etc.
This study is the first and largest prospective cohort study in China to investigate the relationship between dairy product intake and cancer. It is suggested that increased dairy intake is not harmless to health, or there is a positive relationship between total cancer and some specific cancer risks.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022 line=”bdqv” ql-global=”true” ql-global-para=”true”>
The data in this study came from China Kadoorie Biobank(China Kadoorie Biobank, CKB). Between 2004 and 2008, the CKB study recruited 510,146 participants without cancer at baseline from ten different regions in China(five urban, five rural). During an average follow-up period of 10.8 years, a total of 29,277 cancer cases were recorded.
After analyzing information on the frequency of consumption of major food groups, including dairy, participants were divided into three groups:
Frequent dairy intake group: at least once a week, with an average intake of 80.8g/day, accounting for 20.4% of the total population;
Occasional dairy intake group: at least once a month with an average intake of 44.4g/day, 11.1% of the population;
Almost no dairy intake group: never Or little intake of dairy products, the average intake was 24.0g/day, accounting for 68.5% of the total population.
basic statistics table
Comparing the basic information between groups, it can be found that women, highly educated, and high-income people consume dairy products more often, and these people tend to report less self-health. Compared with the non-dairy group, the frequent dairy intake group also had higher intake of meat, fruit, eggs, wheat products and other food types.
In addition, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes was 5.5% and 7.4% in the regular dairy intake group, compared with 4.1% and 5.4% in the no intake group .
Differences in leg length, height, weight and BMI between groups
Researcher Higher dairy intake was also found to be associated with less height loss, less weight gain and a lower BMI gain.
Across all participants, males and females, the regular dairy group had higher height and longer legs. Participants who regularly consumed dairy products stood about 0.6 centimeters taller and had about 0.3 centimeters longer legs compared to the non-dairy group.
In contrast, weight and BMI were inversely related to dairy consumption. Among male and female participants, the regular intake group was 0.5/0.9 kg lighter and BMI decreased by 0.4/0.5 kg/m2, respectively, than the non-intake group, and the differences were statistically significant.
Consistent with previous research, participants with frequent dairy intake had higher height at baseline and lower height loss during follow-up . Dairy products are an excellent source of calcium, which plays an important role in slowing bone loss.
So, what is the relationship between dairy intake and cancer?
After an average of 10.8 years of follow-up, 29,277 cancer cases were identified between the ages of 35-79, with a cancer incidence rate of 5.47/1000 person-years. Lung cancer had the highest incidence among all participants, followed by breast, stomach, colorectal, and liver cancers in women.
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Cox regression analysis after excluding confounders showed that dairy intake was significantly associated with the risk of total cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer in women There was a positive correlation.Participants who regularly consumed dairy products had a 9% increased overall risk of cancer compared with those who did not consume dairy products(HR=1.09, 95%CI 1.06 -1.12), increased risk of liver cancer by 18% (HR=1.18, 95%CI1.08-1.29), female breast cancer prevalence 22% increased risk(HR=1.22, 95%CI 1.12-1.32).
Although regular intake of milk Products were associated with a 23% increased risk of lymphoma, but the association was not statistically significant after FDR-adjusted data.
In addition,milk A 50-gram daily increase in product intake was associated with a 7%, 12%, 19%, and 17% increase in the risk of total cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma, and female breast cancer, respectively.< span>However, this study has not found an association between dairy intake and the risk of colorectal, gastric or other specific cancers.
To sum up, this prospective study with a large sample of 500,000 Chinese has important reference value, suggesting that among Chinese adults whose consumption of dairy products is relatively lower than that of Western populations, High dairy intake is associated with a higher risk of cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer in women.
After reading this, are you afraid to drink milk? In fact, this study alone cannot draw definite conclusions, and any study has certain limitations.
First of all, the baseline data of this study are selected from 2004-2008, which is the period of the fastest economic development in China, and people’s lifestyles have undergone earth-shaking changes. Factors themselves may have an impact on tumorigenesis.
Secondly, there are many variables in this study that were not considered comprehensively. Such as the type of milk, is it regular milk, high-fat milk, skimmed milk, or yogurt? May get different results. At the same time, cancer is a complex disease. Does the intake of dairy products also have an impact on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and reverse cancer? Comprehensive and comprehensive consideration should be carried out.
This is an observational study, not a randomized controlled trial, and it is too early to draw conclusions, and further exploration of causal associations and underlying mechanisms is needed. As the authors of this study cautioned, dairy products contain proteins, vitamins, and minerals that play an important role in health, and limiting dairy products based solely on current research results is not a wise move.
References[1]Kakkoura, M.G., Du, H., Guo, Y. et al. Dairy consumption and risks of total and site-specific cancers in Chinese adults: an 11-year prospective study of 0.5 million people. BMC Med 20, 134 (2022). https ://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02330-3
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