April 25th is National Children’s Vaccination Day, and this year’s theme is “Timely Vaccinations, Safeguarding Lives and Health”.
Be aware that infants and children have weak self-resistance and low immunity to pathogenic infection, so it is easy for bacteria and viruses to enter.
At this time, vaccinations are needed to strengthen infants and children’s immunity against certain diseases.
Among them, the mandatory vaccination for children, that is, the planned vaccine, includes the hepatitis B vaccine.
Why does the hepatitis B vaccine prevent hepatitis B virus?
You should know that my country used to be a big country with hepatitis B. It is understood that currently, there are more than 86 million people infected with hepatitis B virus in my country. Hepatitis B virus.
If the hepatitis B virus cannot be controlled, it can induce hepatitis B. With the progress of the disease, it can also cause serious consequences such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B.
After vaccination, the body can produce antibodies, and once the hepatitis B virus is found, the antibodies can play a role in clearing the virus, thereby preventing the virus from harming the body.
However, not all people need to be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Whether it is necessary to receive hepatitis B vaccine depends on individual circumstances.
These two types of people need to be vaccinated against hepatitis B
First, newborn
Newborn babies are the main target of hepatitis B vaccination, which is also one of the vaccines that the state stipulates that newborns must be vaccinated. Therefore, after birth, newborns are often required to be vaccinated against hepatitis B within 24 hours of birth.
For newborns whose mothers are hepatitis B surface antibody positive, it is even more necessary to receive hepatitis B vaccine injection within 12 hours, and simultaneously inject hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin.
Subsequent 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 month and 6 months of age for adequate and durable protection.
Second, high-risk groups of hepatitis B virus infection
Adults can also get the hepatitis B vaccine, especially the high-risk groups who may be infected with the hepatitis B virus, and more attention should be paid to the injection of the vaccine.
For example, medical staff should be actively vaccinated due to frequent contact with patients and blood products.
In addition, people who work in child care, those who require frequent blood transfusions due to illness, those who are immunocompromised, those who have multiple sexual partners, and those who have HBV carriers at home Everyone has a high chance of being infected with hepatitis B virus, and it is necessary to inject hepatitis B vaccine.
What details do I need to pay attention to when getting the hepatitis B vaccine?
1. It is recommended to postpone hepatitis B vaccination
People with fever symptoms should not be vaccinated immediately. The cause should be identified first, and vaccination should be considered after the body temperature has returned to normal.
Premature infants, low birth weight infants, and neonates delivered by caesarean section are advised to defer hepatitis B vaccination. In addition, women who are menstruating, pregnant, or breastfeeding should also delay vaccination.
If you currently have kidney disease, liveActive pulmonary tuberculosis, active hepatitis and other diseases, or less than 2 weeks after the above diseases are cured, such patients should also avoid vaccination temporarily.
2. Not suitable for hepatitis B vaccine
If it is allergic constitution, there are allergic urticaria, asthma, etc., or penicillin, formalin, sulfonamide Vaccinations are prohibited for those with allergic reactions to other drugs.
Also, patients with congenital immune deficiencies, neurological disorders, etc. should not be vaccinated against hepatitis B.
For those who are carriers of hepatitis B virus and patients with hepatitis B, there is no need to get vaccinated. Even if they are vaccinated, they cannot play a role in prevention and treatment.
3. Antibody status should be checked after vaccination
Whether it is a newborn or an adult, hepatitis B antibody should be checked 2~3 months after the injection of hepatitis B vaccine, which can be judged by the titer value of hepatitis B vaccine .
If the titer value is greater than 10, it means that hepatitis B antibodies have been produced in the body. If this value is less than 10, it means that the antibody production is unsuccessful, and it is necessary to inject hepatitis B vaccine to strengthen treatment.
Although hepatitis B vaccine infection rates among newborns are declining, the threat of hepatitis B remains.
Therefore, timely vaccination against hepatitis B remains the best way to protect our children from the threat of hepatitis B.
References:
【1】Wang Fuzhen, Zhang Guomin, Shen Liping, et al. Comparative analysis of hepatitis B seroepidemiological survey results of 1-29 year olds in different endemic areas in China in 1992 and 2014[J]. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017, 51(6): 462-468.
【2】Wang Guiqiang, Duan Zhongping, Wang Fusheng, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (2019 edition)[J]. Journal of Practical Hepatology, 2020.