Tianjin North Net News:Accidentally over-exercise, accidentally possessed by osteoporosis! Why is osteoporosis so important? What is the nemesis of osteoporosis? Dr. Bi Liang of Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital helps you “feel the bones” and fight against osteoporosis from the source. To prevent osteoporosis, in order to keep the waist straight and the knees stiffer, it is easy to go upstairs in one breath.
Current status
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and damage to the microstructure of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease and has become the fifth largest disease in the 21st century. It is one of the most common causes of death and disability among the elderly. The prevalence rate of osteoporosis among people over 50 years old is 19.2%, that is, one in 5 people. The problem of osteoporosis is particularly serious among middle-aged and elderly women. The prevalence of osteoporosis in women is 51.6%.
Classification
In clinical practice, osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis is divided into four categories: one is postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is caused by the decrease of estrogen and the increase of bone resorption in women after menopause. The second is senile osteoporosis. Elderly osteoporosis generally occurs after the age of 70. The third is idiopathic osteoporosis, which usually occurs in adolescents and is rare. The fourth is secondary osteoporosis, which refers to osteoporosis caused by any disease or drug that affects bone metabolism.
Symptoms
Osteoporosis usually has no obvious clinical manifestations in the early stage, so it is called a “silent disease” or “silent epidemic”, and as the disease progresses Usually, it can cause discomfort in many parts. First, low back pain or general bone pain, which occurs when turning over, sitting up and after walking for a long time, or worsening pain at night or during weight-bearing activities, all suggest that we may have osteoporosis. The second is easy to get tired and weak. Third, the deformation of the spine, the height becomes shorter; in patients with severe osteoporosis, due to vertebral body compression fractures, the height becomes shorter or the spine deformity is hunchback, and the height is shortened. Fourth, easy to fracture, common sites of osteoporotic fractures include: vertebral body (thoracic and lumbar spine), hip (proximal femur), distal forearm and proximal humerus, and, once the first fracture occurs, once the fracture occurs Fragile fractures are associated with a 10-fold higher risk of refracture than those who have never had a fragility fracture. Fifth, and the most serious, is the death and disability caused by osteoporotic fractures, most commonly caused by fractures around the hip joint, with a fatality rate of 15-20% and lifelong disability in 50% of survivors.
Prevention and control measures
The prevention and treatment measures of osteoporosis mainly include basic measures, drug intervention and rehabilitation treatment. Basic measures include lifestyle modifications and basic supplements for bone health. One is to adjust the lifestyle: strengthen nutrition, balanced diet; sufficient sunshine; regular exercise; quit smoking; limit alcohol; avoid excessive drinking of coffee; avoid excessive drinking of carbonated beverages; The second is the basic supplements for bone health: calcium and vitamin D.
For patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, in addition to basic measures, drug treatment should also be given. Effective anti-osteoporosis drugs can increase bone density, improve bone quality, and significantly reduce the incidence of fractures. risk. According to the mechanism of action, anti-osteoporosis drugs can be divided into bone resorption inhibitors, bone formation promoters, drugs with other mechanisms, and traditional Chinese medicines, etc. Drugs with a broad anti-fracture spectrum are usually preferred. Oral drug therapy is the first choice for patients with low to moderate fracture risk. Injectable preparations can be considered for patients with oral intolerance, contraindications, poor compliance and high fracture risk.