Author: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Ionizing radiation, a type of radiation with a specific wavelength, has enough energy to cause DNA damage and induce cancer.
Ionizing radiation includes radon, X-rays, gamma rays, and other forms of high-energy radiation.
Low energy radiation, non-ionizing radiation of all kinds, such as visible light and energy from cell phones and electromagnetic fields, does not damage DNA and does not cause cancer.
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1. Radon
Radon (radon) is a radioactive gas released from rocks and soil. Radon is produced when the radioactive element radium breaks down, and radium is formed when the radioactive elements uranium (uranium) and thorium (thorium) break down.
People exposed to high levels of radon have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than the general population.
If you live in an area with high levels of radon in rocks and soil, you need to test your daily environment for this gas.
The detection of radon at home is very convenient and relatively cheap. If the content exceeds the standard, you can consult a professional. There are many ways to reduce the radon content in your home.
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2, X-ray and other radiation sources
High-energy radiation, such as X-rays, gamma rays (gamma rays), alpha particles (alpha particles), beta particles (beta particles), and neutrons, can damage DNA and cause cancer .
These radiations can be released during a nuclear power plant accident or during the manufacture, testing or use of nuclear weapons.
Certain medical procedures, such as chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT), positron emission computed tomography (PET), and radiation therapy can also DNA damage, leading to cancer.
However, the carcinogenic risk of these medical technologies is very small, and the clinical benefits of their use far outweigh their carcinogenic risk.
If you think you may be exposed to radiation and at risk of developing cancer, consult a medical professional.
Those considering a CT scan should ask their doctor whether a CT scan is necessary, and its risks and benefits.
Cancer patients can ask their doctor whether radiation therapy increases the risk of developing a second tumor.
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References:
[1] National Cancer Institute (NCI). Radiation[DB/OL]. https:https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation ,2015-04-29/2018-07-16.
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