WuXi AppTec Content Team Editor
Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide. In 2020, there will be 19.3 million new cases of cancer worldwide, resulting in nearly 10 million deaths; 1 in 5 people will develop cancer in their lifetime; 1 in 8 men and 1 in 11 women People will die from cancer.
But fortunately, advances in cancer research, prevention, treatment and care have led to significant reductions in cancer incidence and mortality in some countries. What is the status and trend of cancer incidence and mortality in China? What other factors are affecting? What measures should we take to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality?
In response to these questions, researchers from the National Cancer Center of China/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital conducted a study. The research results were published in Chinese Medical Journal, The corresponding author is Professor Chen Wanqing.
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The results of this study show:
In 2022, China will have approximately 4.82 million new cases of cancer, resulting in 3.21 million deaths;
China will reduce the burden of liver, stomach, and esophageal cancer, but the burden of lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer will increase;
Advances in cancer prevention and care, as well as proactive responses to an aging population, may help reduce the cancer burden in China.
Common new cancers and deaths in China in 2022
Researchers predict that In 2022, there will be approximately 4.82 million new cases of cancer in China and 3.21 million deaths due to cancer. Lung cancer remains the most common new cancer and the leading cause of death.
In 2022, the 5 major new cancers are lung cancer (870,000), colorectal cancer > (590,000), stomach cancer (510,000), liver cancer (430,000), and breast cancer (430,000); common The >5 leading causes of cancer deaths are lung cancer (770,000), liver cancer (410,000), stomach cancer (400,000), stomach cancer (400,000), strong>esophageal cancer (320,000) and colorectal cancer (310,000).
Men have significantly more new cancers and deaths than women, and the types of common new and dying cancers vary widely.
In men, it is estimated that there will be 2.63 million new cancers and 1.94 million deaths. The most common new cancers were lung cancer (580,000), stomach cancer (350,000), colorectal cancer (340,000), liver cancer (320,000) and esophageal cancer (240,000). The most common killing cancers were lung cancer (510,000), liver cancer (300,000), stomach cancer (270,000) ), esophageal cancer (220,000) and colorectal cancer (180,000).
In women, it is estimated that there will be 2.2 million new cancers and 1.26 million deaths. The most common new cancers are breast cancer (430,000), lung cancer (300,000), colorectal cancer (250,000), thyroid cancer (170,000), and stomach cancer (160,000). The most common cancer deaths were lung cancer (260,000), colorectal cancer (130,000), stomach cancer ( 130,000), breast cancer (120,000), and liver cancer (110,000).
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cancer incidence, mortality trends and influencing factors
Since 2000, new cancer cases and deaths in China have been increasing. Overall, China’s cancer spectrum is in the transition stage from developing to developed countries, which is characterized by higher incidences of lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancers . Researchers believe that increased morbidity and mortality are strongly linked to factors such as changes in lifestyle, increasing numbers of adults and an aging population.
In men and women, the incidence and mortality of stomach, liver, and esophagus have been decreasing in recent years. However, in men the incidence of colorectal and prostate cancer has increased significantly; in women, since 2000, The incidence of seven common cancers including breast, lung, colorectal, thyroid, cervical, pancreatic and ovarian cancers increased.
It is important to note that since 2000, thyroid cancer mortality rates in China have remained stable, but incidence rates have risen sharply. Researchers believe this is related to increased health awareness, more people undergoing tests such as neck ultrasounds, and more sophisticated testing equipment.
Meanwhile, the 5-year relative survival rate for cancer patients has been increasing, from 30.9% in 2003-2005 to 40.5% from 2012-2015, which is strongly associated with early cancer prevention, screening, and improvements in treatment options. However, survival rates for certain types of cancer, such as breast and colorectal cancer, remain to be improved compared to other developed countries.
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How to reduce cancer incidence and mortality
Research indicates that population aging is likely to be a major social feature in China for the foreseeable future. China has one of the fastest growing aging populations in the world. As of the end of 2020, China’s population aged 60 and above is 260 million, and it is expected to increase by about 10 million per year from 2021 to 2025. By 2035, the proportion of the population aged 60 and above will exceed 30%. The continued aging of the population means that the trend of rising cancer burden in China is likely to remain unchanged. Therefore, healthy ageing strategies need to be integrated into cancer prevention and multisectoral collaboration in policy development needs to be strengthened.
The cancer spectrum in China is changing, so high-risk groups aged 45-74 should participate in early screening and detection of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, Breast, lung, cervical and upper gastrointestinal cancers, etc.
All people need to adhere to primary cancer prevention measures. Among Chinese adults 20 years of age and older, about 45.2% of cancer deaths can be attributed to 5 broad categories of 23 modifiable risk factors, including:
4 behavioral factors, smoking, secondhand smoke, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity;
7 dietary factors, low fruit intake, low vegetable intake, low dietary fiber intake, high red meat intake, insufficient dietary calcium intake, High consumption of processed meat and high consumption of pickled vegetables;
2 metabolic factors, overweight and obesity, diabetes;
2 environmental factors, UV exposure and PM2.5 air pollution;
8 infectious agents, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Clonorchis sinensis, and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).
Adherence to primary cancer prevention measures targeting these 23 modifiable risk factors to control behavioral, dietary, metabolic and environmental factors to prevent infection will be It has great potential and role in reducing cancer incidence and mortality.
Take a comprehensive strategy. Taking cervical cancer as an example, the World Health Organization believes that cervical cancer is expected to be the first cancer to be eliminated worldwide. However, the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China have increased significantly since 2000. Therefore, we adopt a comprehensive strategy, including HPV vaccination, cervical screening, treatment of preinvasive lesions and invasive cancer, etc. to achieve the goal of eliminating cervical cancer.
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Summary
ResearcherThe researchers pointed out that the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China is increasing, and targeted cancer interventions are urgently needed. In addition to focusing on and responding to an aging population and initiating research on certain cancers, more and more comprehensive prevention strategies should be implemented, including health education, dissemination of basic knowledge about cancer, Promote healthy lifestyles, implement effective screening, vaccination programs, and tobacco control to reduce the burden of cancer.
References
[1] Xia, Changfa, et al., (2022). Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chinese Medical Journal, DOI: 10.1097/ CM9.0000000000002108.
[2] Cancer incidence in China and the USA: Scientists discuss changing and converging trends. Retrieved Apr 1 ,2022, from https:https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03 -cancer-incidence-china-usa-scientists.html
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