Sad news for you:
An 18-year study of more than 300,000 people with diabetes, published recently in the top medical journal The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, shows that heart disease and stroke are no longer associated with Then again, the leading cause of death for people with diabetes, cancer is posing a greater threat to the lives of people with diabetes.
Don’t think this news is only about people with diabetes. According to the 2020 Diabetes Survey, about 400 million people in our country are pre-diabetic (blood sugar levels that are above the standard but below the diabetes standard).
How does hyperglycemia play with cancer cells? What is the difference between prediabetes and diabetes? “Life Times” (Search “LT0385” in WeChat to follow) interviewed experts to sort out the high-risk groups of cancer caused by various factors, and what to do in daily life to effectively prevent cancer.
Interviewed experts
Chen Xiaoyan, Director of the Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,
Liu Juntian, Director, Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Changxuan You, Chief Physician, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
4 reasons why cancer targets people with diabetes
Diabetes patients have a higher incidence of almost all cancers than the general population, especially digestive tract tumors such as liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestines.
Previous research has found that cancer risk associated with diabetes peaks about 8 years after diabetes is diagnosed.
Tumor growth is a slow process, and it usually takes a long time for cancer cells to become cancerous tissue, cancer mass, and the high blood sugar environment in diabetic patients may lead to accelerated tumor progression, usually Between 5 and 10 years, and 8 years is just a median.
The large prediabetic population is more of a concern than diabetes:
Pre-diabetes refers to high blood sugar, but does not meet the diagnostic criteria of diabetes, fasting blood glucose 6.1~7 mmol/L, or oral glucose tolerance 7.8~11.1 mmol/L. Most of the prediabetes are asymptomatic and are usually discovered accidentally during a physical examination.
A high blood sugar environment may lead to a higher risk of cancer and rapid progression for several reasons.
High insulin
Stimulates tumor growth
Insulin levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes are usually high, and insulin has a role similar to growth-promoting factors, and long-term high levels are likely to become a breeding ground for tumors.
Hyperglycemia
Cancer cells multiply out of control
If the blood sugar is not well controlled and the human body is in a high blood sugar environment for a long time, many functional proteins will be glycosylated, causing them to lose their original physiological functions, such as removing foreign objects and body waste. , “monitoring” the ability of tumor occurrence signs, etc. will decline, so it is easy to make cancer cells multiply “out of control”.
In a hyperglycemic environment, people with diabetes may also face difficult-to-treat infections. If chronic infection is repeated repeatedly, chronic enteritis, hepatitis, gastritis, etc., may become high-risk factors for cancer.
Excessive consumption
Reduced resistance
In order to control blood sugar, some people with diabetes adopt the strategy of “inappropriate dietary restriction”, resulting in unbalanced nutrition and decreased resistance.
Diabetes patients need to control their diet, but it does not mean that they cannot eat anything, but they need to carry out scientific diet management, not partial eclipse, and need to maintain a balanced nutrition.
Depressed
Affects autoimmunity
Cancer is also linked to emotions. Many people with diabetes will inevitably feel depressed when they think of long-term control of their diet and fight against diabetes, which in turn affects their own immune function.
How does cancer screening work?
The latest data released by the National Cancer Center in February 2022 shows that the incidence of malignant tumors in my country ranks among the top 6The main ones are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and breast cancer. Shengjun sorted out the high-risk groups and taught you the preliminary selection of screening items.
1
Lung cancer
High-risk groups: Over 50 years old, with a history of smoking, family history of lung cancer, old lung lesions (such as tuberculosis), living in an air-polluted environment, People who have been exposed to radiation and chemical products for a long time.
Main screening methods: Ordinary X-ray examination, low-dose lung CT, tumor marker examination, etc.
2
Breast cancer
High-risk groups: Women over 35 years old, with family history of breast cancer, breast disease history, breast cancer pathogenic genetic mutations, age at menarche less than 12 years old, menopause People who are older than 55 years old, nulliparous or older than 35 years old, taking birth control pills or estrogen substitutes for a long time.
Main screening methods: Breast palpation, breast ultrasound, mammography, etc.
3
Colorectal cancer
High-risk groups: Over 50 years old, with a family history of colorectal cancer, chronic colitis and intestinal polyps, and a long-term high-fat, high-protein, low-fiber diet crowd.
Main screening methods: Anus examination, fecal occult blood examination, colonoscopy, tumor marker examination, etc.
4
Stomach cancer
High-risk groups: Over 40 years old, with a family history of gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic gastric disease, fond of pickled and smoked food, smoking, alcoholism, stress A person with a large, irregular life.
Main screening methods: Gastroscopy, Helicobacter pylori examination, pepsinogen detection, etc.
5
Liver cancer
High-risk groups: Long-term heavy drinking, patients with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis, and people who have been exposed to chemicals for a long time.
Main screening methods: Ultrasound examination, liver-enhanced CT, tumor marker examination, etc.
6
Esophageal cancer
High-risk groups: Over 40 years old, with a family history of esophageal cancer or from areas with a high incidence of esophageal cancer, with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, with esophageal precancerous disease or cancer pre-existing lesions, smoking and drinking, etc.
Main screening methods: X-ray barium meal examination, esophagoscopy, esophageal function test, etc.
It should be reminded that cancer screening is highly professional, and you must choose a qualified institution.
10 tips to keep cancer away
The American Cancer Society’s “First-level Cancer Fighting Plan for the Next 10 Years” released in 2018 provides 10 anti-cancer strategies that are worthy of reference, and it is also applicable to people with diabetes.
1
Keep away from 11 pathogens
Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus (HPV), EB virus, HIV (HIV), etc., Thai liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke) ), Schistosoma aegypti and 11 pathogens that increase cancer risk.
It is recommended to get vaccinated in time, and to have a physical examination if you feel unwell.
2
Sunscreen
Sun exposure is the biggest risk factor for skin cancer, and sun protection is the most effective way to reduce the risk of skin cancer.
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Reduce unnecessary medical radiation
The American Cancer Society considers all ionizing radiation to be carcinogenic. Going to a professional institution to find a professional doctor can not only ensure the screening effect but also reduce unnecessary medical radiation.
4
Reduce indoor pollution
Radon pollution, formaldehyde pollution, benzene pollution, etc. will affect the health of the body. Before you renovate your new home, you can ask a professional testing agency to conduct an indoor environmental inspection, and decide whether you can move in or not according to the test results.
Ventilation at home can reduce indoor concentrations of radon and formaldehyde.
5
Quitting
Tobacco control is a top priority for cancer prevention. Cancer deaths in the United States have fallen by 26 percent since 1991, with more than half of that attributable to declining smoking rates.
Quitting smoking can benefit people of any age.
6
No drink
Excessive drinking can have many adverse effects on the body. Even small amounts of alcohol can increase the risk of certain cancers. It is best to avoid alcohol to prevent cancer.
7
Control your weight
Over 20 different types of cancer are associated with obesity, most notably rectal, endometrial, and esophageal adenocarcinomas.
8
Eat Healthily
Reducing red meat intake and limiting processed meat may reduce cancer risk. Eat a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein, and dairy products every day.
9
Keep moving
People who get at least 30-60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a day have a reduced risk of cancer, especially breast, colon, prostate, lung, and endometrial cancers decline.
It is recommended that adults get at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity; or an equivalent combination of the two.
10
Regular Screening
In addition to cancer screening, regular hepatitis virus screening and HIV screening are also required.
In addition, long-term work pressure, anxiety, and irregular life also greatly affect health. It is necessary to combine work and rest, and learn to regulate mood and relieve stress. ▲
Editor of this issue: Zhang Jie
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