Nowadays, everyone knows the importance of HPV vaccination. Zhimei has written so many popular science about HPV, and found that everyone’s current troubles are mainly in the following aspects:
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Today, Zhimei will talk about whether the HPV vaccine has “side effects”, and how to deal with discomfort after receiving the HPV vaccine.
It is recommended that every female friend who is preparing to get vaccinated learn about it.
It has to be said that any vaccine has “side effects”, which are medically called adverse reactions.
As written on any drug insert, due to individual differences, some people may experience some adverse reactions after using the drug.
The same goes for vaccines, which is normal.
Adverse reactions after HPV vaccination are generally divided into local and systemic[1].
1. Local adverse reactions
Mainly for the rash, swelling, pain, itching, induration, bleeding, hematoma or photosensitivity reaction at the vaccination site.
2. Systemic adverse reactions
Fever, headache, fatigue, cough, muscle pain, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and vomiting may occur. Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions, allergic dermatitis, rash, dizziness, pruritus, etc. may occur.
3. Serious Adverse Events
Thrombosis, seizures, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, polyencephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and death [2].
As scary as it may sound, more than 270 million doses of HPV vaccine have been distributed worldwide since the vaccine was licensed in 2006 [3].
Many agencies, including the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), have regulated HPV very closely over the years vaccine use, and reviewed for the serious adverse reactions above.
In a 2017 statement from the WHO Global Information Committee on Vaccine Safety, following a review of extensive research data, it was clear:
There is no evidence that HPV vaccination is associated with any of the above serious adverse events, which are more likely to be accidental coincidences[3].
And the CDC says: There is no evidence that the HPV vaccine causes fertility problems[4].
It’s normal, but not very common.
The occurrence and extent of adverse reactions varies from person to person and not everyone.
Some girls have no adverse reactions during the first injection, but may also experience adverse reactions during the second and third injections.
We take the instructions of the nine-valent vaccine[1] as an example, and divide them according to the frequency of adverse reactions from high to low:
Very common (≥10%): headache, pain, swelling, erythema, etc.
Common(1%-10%, including 1%): fever, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, itching, bruising, etc.
occasionally (0.1%-1%, including 0.1%): lymphadenopathy, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting, syncope, hematoma, induration, chills, gastrointestinal inflammation, flu, limb pain, dysmenorrhea, urticaria, allergies, lumps, etc.
Rare (0.01%-0.1% inclusive): Not marked
Very rare (<0.01%): not noted
From the above, we know that the occurrence of adverse reactions is actually a matter of probability, so there is no need to worry too much.
It doesn’t necessarily happen to me. Even if it does, there are ways to tell everyone what to do.
In order to facilitate everyone to watch, the following content will be changed from very common to less commonSort the order for easy collection by sisters:
1. Pain at the injection site
This is the most common and is a normal reaction to intramuscular injection, which is generally mild and tolerable.
If you have pain outside the injection site, such as extremity pain, muscle pain, skin pain, joint pain, migraine, etc., you should report to the vaccination unit in time and seek medical advice.
2. Fever
If the axillary temperature does not exceed 38.5°C, no special treatment is required; if it exceeds 38.5°C, you can take antipyretics and drink plenty of water.
If a high fever persists, seek medical attention as soon as possible.
3. Nausea, Vomiting
May occur alone or with flu-like symptoms such as fever, dizziness, chills, and fatigue.
It is recommended to rest and eat lightly.
4. Allergic reactions
Vaccinators with a history of other vaccine allergies should inform the medical staff before vaccination, and it is recommended to extend the observation time.
In the event of a severe allergic reaction, such as generalized urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, dyspnea, etc., you should seek medical attention immediately [5].
and no longer receive the same vaccine.
5. Syncope
The probability of syncope after vaccination (including but not limited to HPV vaccine) is approximately 0.2%[1], which may lead to a fall injury.
Therefore, it is generally recommended to observe in the seat for 30 minutes after the vaccination to avoid the harm caused by syncope.
According to WHO research, syncope may be a reaction caused by anxiety or stress in vaccinated people [3], so don’t be too nervous when vaccinating.
6. Menstrual disorders
There is no evidence that menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, etc. are directly related to vaccination, so stop relying on the HPV vaccine.
If menstrual disorders occur after vaccination, you can observe 1-2 cycles by yourself or go to the gynecologist directly.
In conclusion, after HPV vaccination, most people’s adverse reactions are mild to moderate, and they can be relieved in a short period of time. There is no need to choose not to be afraid of adverse reactions. Get the HPV vaccine.
It is recommended to rest more after vaccination to avoid fatigue.
If adverse reactions do occur, you can observe them for 1-2 days.
If the adverse reaction gradually worsens, it is necessary to seek advice from the vaccination unit in time or go to the hospital directly.
Reviewer
Liu Haifang| Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
Deng Sheng| Chief Pharmacist, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
References
[1]Product Information: GARDASIL(R) 9 intramuscular injection, human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, recombinant intramuscular injection. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (per FDA), Whitehouse Station, NJ , 2015.
[2]HPV vaccine safety, www.nhs.uk
[3]Safety update of HPV vaccines.www.who.int
[4]Preventing and Managing Adverse Reactions, www.cdc.gov
[5]Administering HPV Vaccine.www.cdc.gov
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