In recent years, the incidence of bone and joint diseases has been increasing year by year, which seriously affects the health and quality of life of patients. In order to deepen the public’s understanding of bone and joint diseases, and also to facilitate the study of clinicians, we take the characteristics of bone and joint diseases as the starting point, and make a systematic summary of several common clinical bone and joint diseases.
In terms of etiology:
OA (osteoarthritis) is mainly degenerative Sexual diseases, caused by the wear and tear of articular cartilage and bone from various causes.
Rheumatoid arthritis is due to infection with hemolytic streptococcus, usually with a 2-3 week prodrome of throat infection.
RA (rheumatoid arthritis) is an autoimmune disease.
Gouty arthritis is caused by the increase of blood uric acid level caused by the disorder of purine metabolism, resulting in the deposition of urate in the soft tissues of joints.
SpA (seronegative spondyloarthropathy) may be related to heredity, microbial infection, intestinal inflammation and other factors.
Onset mode:
OA develops slowly and repeatedly.
The onset of rheumatoid arthritis is insidious. Before obvious joint symptoms appear, there may be obvious low fever, and a few patients will have high fever, which is often accompanied by fatigue, general malaise and weight loss.
Most RA has a slow onset, and some have acute onset, repeated symptoms, mild and severe, and joint deformities gradually appear in severe cases.
Gouty arthritis has a sudden onset in the acute stage. Most patients wake up with sudden joint pain during sleep. The disease has a long course and repeated attacks.
The course of SpA is slow, and the onset of AS is insidious.
Symptoms:
OA: mostly unilateral joint pain, rarely morning stiffness, Severe cases may appear deformity, dysfunction and so on.
Rheumatoid arthritis: It is more common in large joints, such as knee, elbow, etc., with symmetrical distribution, migratory pain, no morning stiffness, and no deformity or dysfunction left in the affected joints.
RA: Mostly manifested as redness, swelling, heat and pain in symmetrical small joints, and large joints can also be involved, such as finger joints, wrist joints, ankle joints, etc.; morning stiffness, deformity and dysfunction of the affected joints may occur.
Gouty arthritis: more common in the first metatarsophalangeal joint (90%), followed by the dorsum of the foot, ankle, hand, wrist, knee, elbow, shoulder, hip, spine and other vertebral joints are rarely involved; no Morning stiffness, with the development of the disease may appear dysfunction, deformity, disability and so on.
SpA: Inflammatory spinal pain, peripheral joint synovitis mainly in the lower extremities, mostly involving knees, ankles, hips and other joints, mostly asymmetrical and oligoarticular; AS has obvious morning stiffness; most patients It has various characteristic extra-articular manifestations, such as ocular lesions, skin lesions, oral, intestinal and genitourinary tract lesions.
Age characteristics of predisposing groups:
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OA: Occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, and the older the age, the higher the incidence.
Rheumatoid arthritis: more common in adolescents.
RA: It can occur at any age, with a high incidence between the ages of 30 and 50.
Gouty arthritis: Generally, the incidence is high after the age of 40, and the older the age, the higher the incidence.
SpA: Young adults under 40