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What to do with acute inflammation of the throat?
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Acute inflammatory diseases of the throat include acute Pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis and acute laryngitis, etc., are mainly acute throat inflammations caused by viral or bacterial infections, and are very common throat diseases. The clinical manifestations are dry throat, burning, obvious sore throat (often radiating to the ear, accompanied by dysphagia), hoarseness (complete loss of voice in severe cases), cough, etc. Systemic symptoms are generally mild, and may include chills, high fever, headache, loss of appetite, fatigue, and limb pain. The disease is most likely to occur when the temperature changes in spring and autumn.
1. Viral infection
Common pathogenic viruses include coxsackie virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza Viruses, rhinoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, etc., are transmitted through droplets and close contact.
2. Bacterial infection
Common pathogenic bacteria include hemolytic streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. Among them, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection is the most serious, which can lead to purulent lesions in distant organs, which is called acute septic pharyngitis.
It is not uncommon to have a mixed infection of bacteria and viruses. In recent years, anaerobic bacteria infection has also been found, and Gram-negative bacilli infection has an upward trend.
3.Other
Cold, damp, overtired, excessive smoking and drinking, harmful Gas irritation, chronic lesions in the upper respiratory tract, etc. can induce such diseases. Acute laryngitis can be caused by overuse of voice, foreign body in the throat, trauma to the neck and throat, and damage to the laryngeal mucosa by inspection equipment. Specific foods, gases, and drugs can cause specific reactions, edema of the patient’s laryngeal mucosa, and acute laryngitis.
1. General treatment
Patients need proper rest, light diet, drink plenty of water, strengthen nutrition and maintain smooth bowel movements.
2. Symptomatic treatment
Patients with systemic symptoms, severe sore throat or high fever, Antipyretics and analgesics can be taken orally, such as acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, etc.; patients with severe cough symptoms should use antitussive drugs; those with more sputum should use mucolysis to promoteExpelling agents or expectorant drugs, etc.; sore throat can be treated with appropriate topical spray.
3. Topical medication
If there are no systemic symptoms or mild symptoms, topical medication can be used Gargle with compound borax solution, compound chlorhexidine gargle or nitrofurazone solution; various lozenges, topical sprays and Chinese patent medicines can be selected as appropriate.
4. Anti-infective treatment
Viral acute inflammatory disease of the throat is often spontaneous If it is bacterial, it should be treated with anti-infection.
Principles of anti-infection treatment: ①Select antibacterial drugs for hemolytic streptococcal infection; ②Before administration if necessary Throat swabs are collected for bacterial culture, and rapid antigen detection test (RADT) can be used as an auxiliary pathogenic diagnosis if conditions permit; ③ Non-suppurative complications (acute rheumatic fever and Nephritis), anti-infective treatment is aimed at removing bacteria in the lesions, and the course of treatment takes 10 days.
Selection of antibacterial drugs: ①Penicillin is the first choice. Caine penicillin or oral penicillin V, or oral amoxicillin, the course of treatment is 10 days. ② Penicillin allergic patients can take oral tetracycline or fluoroquinolones sensitive to hemolytic streptococcus. The application of macrolides should refer to local drug susceptibility conditions. ③Other optional drugs include oral first- and second-generation cephalosporins for 10 days, but not for patients with a history of penicillin anaphylactic shock.
5. Glucocorticoid therapy
The larynx is an important respiratory organ. External diseases can affect respiratory function to varying degrees. Laryngeal dyspnea often occurs suddenly or develops rapidly, with severe clinical manifestations of hypoxia, often requiring rescue. Therefore, when the laryngeal mucosa is edema, attention should be paid to treatment. Local nebulization of hormones can be given, and glucocorticoids can be used systemically for severe symptoms.
Aerosol inhalation:Aerosol inhalation of glucocorticoids such as budesonide suspension can relieve throat pain Edema.
Systemic medication:Short-term oral glucocorticoids are used for patients with severe symptoms and obvious vocal cord swelling, which can be quickly eliminated Laryngeal mucosa edema, reduce the degree of hoarseness.
Source: Rational Drug Use in China
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