I. Scientists reveal the reason why cancer cells are “sonophobic” or “born”

According to the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) According to the released data, there will be 19.29 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2020, including 10.06 million in men and 9.23 million in women; while the number of cancer deaths worldwide has reached 9.96 million, with 5.53 million in men and 443 in women. million cases.

It can be seen that cancer has an obvious “patriarchal” characteristic. Previously, scientists speculated that the difference in the lifestyle, behavior and spirit of men and women led to this result, but recently A new study published in Cancer, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, suggests thatcancer may be “patriarchal” because of underlying biological sex differences, not related to sex differences. Behavioral differences related to smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and other factors.

The study evaluated nearly 300,000 people from 1995-2011 Differences in cancer risk at 21 cancer sites during participation in the American Institute of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, including 171,274 men and 122,826 women aged 50-71.

During this period, there were 17,951 new cancer cases in men and 8,742 new cases in women. Only thyroid cancer and gallbladder cancer are less common in men than women, and in other sites, men are at 1.3-10.8 times the risk. The sites with the greatest increased cancer risk in men are esophagus (10.8-fold increased risk), throat (3.5-fold increased risk), cardia (3.5-fold increased risk), and bladder (risk increased 3.3 times).

Even after adjusting for most risk behaviors and exposure to carcinogens, men had a higher risk of most cancers than women.

These findings suggest that biological differences between the sexes, such as physiological, immune, genetic and other differences , plays an important role in cancer susceptibility in both men and women.

In response to this discovery, some experts pointed out that it may provide new ideas for modern medicine, and realize precision medicine through clinical translational research, which is expected to reduce or eventually eliminate cancer. gender differences.

Second, green tea extract can promote intestinal health and lower blood sugar

Drinking green tea extract for four weeks in people with a range of risk factors for heart disease can reduce blood sugar levels and reduce blood sugar levels, according to a study published recently in Nutrition Updates. Improves gut health by lowering inflammation and reducing “leaky gut.”

Researchers say this is the first study to assess whether the health risks associated with metabolic syndrome are reduced by the anti-inflammatory effects of green tea in the gut Research.

40 people (including 21 patients with metabolic syndrome and 19 healthy adults) in a clinical trial as a follow-up to a study published in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry in 2019 (which showed that mice consuming green tea supplements had reduced rates of obesity, reduced health risks, and intestinal improved gut health), and it was ultimately found thatgreen tea extract also lowered blood sugar, gut inflammation and permeability in healthy people.

40 participants consumed gummies containing green tea extract (rich in catechins) for 28 days in a daily dose equivalent to five cups of green tea. In the randomized double-blind crossover trial, all participants took a placebo for 28 days, with one month stopping any supplements between treatments.

Researchers confirmed that during the placebo and green tea extract dessert study phases, participants followed recommendations for dietary polyphenols (naturally occurring substances in fruits, vegetables, tea, and spices) antioxidants), so any results could be attributed to the effects of green tea itself.

Results showed that fasting blood sugar levels were significantly lower in all participants after taking green tea extract compared to blood sugar levels after taking a placebo. The analysis found that all participants had reduced intestinal inflammation with green tea treatment and reduced pro-inflammatory proteins in their stool samples.

The researchers also found that,after drinking green tea, the participants’ small bowel permeability decreased significantly. Gut permeability, or leaky gut, allows gut bacteria and related toxic compounds to enter the bloodstream, stimulating low-grade chronic inflammation.

In this regard, researcher Bruno said: “This tells us that within a month, we can reduce blood sugar in patients with metabolic syndrome and in healthy people, and the reduction in blood sugar seems to be Associated with reduced leaky gut and inflammation, regardless of health status.”

< span>Metabolic syndromerefers to the body’s protein, fat, carbohydratesThe pathological state of metabolic disorder of other substances is a group of complex metabolic disorder syndromes, and is a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in diabetes. It is reported that about one-third of Americans are affected by metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome develops slowly and does not require drug management, but it can still pose a great risk to health, so timely intervention is of great significance. In the past, doctors would recommend that patients with metabolic syndrome reduce their risk by losing weight and exercising, but this study may provide patients with a “dietary tool” to help them manage the risk of metabolic syndrome or reverse metabolic syndrome.

Three, locusts can “sniff out” human cancers

Previous research has shown that cancer cells work differently from healthy cells, and they work and Different compounds are produced when grown. If these chemicals enter a patient’s lungs or airways, these compounds can be detected in the exhaled breath.

Previously, researchers trained six different breeds of dogs over a seven-month period in an attempt to assess their exposure to urine samples from bladder cancer patients and healthy people. The results show that dogs can only identify bladder cancer with an accuracy of 41% and are susceptible to interference from different factors.

In recent years, scientists have also been trying to study technologies that can imitate the sense of smell, Commonly known as “electronic noses,” nothing they’ve designed can match the speed, sensitivity, and specificity of a biological sense of smell.

But a new study from Michigan State University seems to have made new progress, they found, locusts can not only “sniff” Differences between cancer cells and healthy cells can also differentiate between different cancer cell lines. The work could provide the basis for a device that uses insect sensory neurons, allowing patients to achieve early detection of cancer just by breathing, the researchers say.

The locusts have larger, more robust olfactory sensors and corresponding neural circuits, which make it easy for scientists to connect electrodes to the locust’s brain to observe how the locust is facing Differences in how healthy cells and cancer cells respond to different gas samples.

The results showed that locusts can not only accurately distinguish cancer cells from normal cells, but also have a significant ability to distinguish different cell subtypes of the same cancer.

Although the team’s findings focused on oral cancer, the researchers believe thatthis system is suitable for any volatile Metabolites are introduced into respiratory cancer, which is probably most cancer types. The research team is looking forward to developing an enclosed, portable sensor without insects, only the biological components needed to detect and analyze volatile compounds. In the future, as more clinical evidence accumulates, using locusts to identify early-stage cancers may help find more early-stage cancer patients.

(Comprehensive source of information: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bio Valley)

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