In the beginning of the school season, teachers are most afraid of the 5 diseases, which are highly contagious. Judge + prevent once and make it clear

The beginning of school is a period of high incidence of various infectious diseases. Coupled with the epidemic, teachers and parents must take precautions.

Today, we have sorted out the prevention and care measures of 5 kinds of infectious diseases that are very common in schools. Parents should remember to collect them.

Influenza

Influenza, unlike the common cold, is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus infection. The incidence rate is as high as 20%. Children aged 5-9 have the highest infection rate. In particular, children under the age of 5 have a higher risk of severe illness after contracting the flu.

Characteristics of the disease

Influenza usually has a rapid onset, the body temperature may exceed 39 degrees Celsius, and the high fever does not subside. Generally, the fever will last for 3-5 days. At the same time, symptoms such as chills, chills, and cold hands and feet may occur. A dry cough, sore throat, runny nose, sometimes diarrhea, and vomiting may also occur.

Home Care

1. Fever reduction

Take fever-reducing medication as directed by your doctor. At the same time, according to the baby’s condition, add enough water in time.

2. Antivirus

After being diagnosed with influenza, babies under 2 years of age (with a high risk of complications within 2 years of age) and with severe flu symptoms can follow the doctor’s order to take an oral antiviral drug – oseltami Wei for treatment. Parents are reminded that the principle of this drug is to inhibit virus replication, so it should be taken as soon as possible.

3. Pay attention to your diet

During illness, small babies should be fed several times in small amounts; older babies should pay attention to a light diet, but do not force them to eat.

4. Isolation

Influenza is a contagious disease. Once diagnosed, isolation can be considered as soon as possible, especially for families with two children.

Precautions

1. Get the flu shot. The most effective preventive measure at present is the flu vaccine. Babies over 6 months old are recommended to be vaccinated every year.

2. Drug prophylaxis. If you have a history of exposure to influenza, you can give your child oseltamivir prophylaxis after consulting a doctor before symptoms appear.

3. Take precautions. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals, after going to the toilet, and after going out. At the same time, try to avoid going out when the flu is high.

HFMD

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is common in children under the age of 5.

Characteristics of the disease

HFMD is a red rash or blisters on a child’s palms, soles, and mouth. Similar symptoms may also appear in the child’s knees, buttocks, upper limbs. There may also be symptoms of fever.

Home Care

HFMD is highly contagious, but most cases are mild and usually resolve on their own within a week.

At the time of the illness, to prevent dehydration, give your child water in small amounts and many times.

Because oral herpes can cause pain, pay attention to giving your child a soft and rotten liquid food that is cooler. Avoid salty, sour, spicy and hot food to reduce discomfort when swallowing. If you have a fever, you can take antipyretics as prescribed by your doctor.

Precautions

1. Vaccination: Babies over 6 months old can be vaccinated against hand, foot and mouth disease.

2. Wash hands frequently, ventilate frequently, disinfect supplies and toys regularly, and try to avoid going to public places such as ocean ball pools and public slides that are crowded and cannot be guaranteed to be clean.

herpetic angina

Herpetic angina, 5 – 7-year-old children. Common in summer and autumn.

Characteristics of the disease

The disease usually develops herpes in the isthmus, with obvious pain and high fever above 39 degrees Celsius. Some babies also have low-grade fever.

Home Care

The treatment of herpetic angina has no specific medicine, but it can heal on its own within 7-10 days. Because the disease is contagious in the later stage, it is necessary to isolate for two weeks during the onset.

1. Medications for fever and sore throat. When you have a fever, take medicines to reduce the fever as prescribed by your doctor. Sore throats can be relieved by eating some iced food.

2. Eat a light diet and maintain oral hygiene. Try to eat soft and rotten liquid food, light and easy to digest, do not eat irritating food. Rinse your mouth with warm water after each meal to maintain oral hygiene.

3. Make sure to rest. Within a week of the onset of the disease, it is important to avoid excessive fatigue and rest for the recovery of the disease.

Precautions

1. Vaccination: It is recommended to take over the hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine to prevent the above two diseases at the same time.

2. Parents and babies should wash their hands thoroughly before and after meals, after going home, and after changing diapers.

Norovirus infection

Norovirus is a gastroenteritis disease.

Characteristics of the disease

After the onset of the disease, the child is mainly vomiting, and may also be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, stomach pain, fever, headache, and fear of cold. This virus is highly contagious, has a short incubation period, and mutates quickly. Both adults and children are vulnerable to being recruited, and may be infected repeatedly.

Home Care

Norovirus infection is a self-limiting virus, generally a short course of disease, about 2-3 days can be self-healing.

1. Vomiting: You can temporarily fast, and then try to eat. If you don’t vomit, you can continue to eat small and frequent meals, and pay attention to the diet as light and nutritious as possible. If vomiting persists, seek medical attention immediately.

2. Diarrhea: Norovirus can cause diarrhea in babies. The most important thing about diarrhea is to prevent dehydration. If the baby is found to be mildly dehydrated, it is recommended to give the baby an appropriate amount of oral rehydration salts. Seek immediate medical attention if you are moderately or severely dehydrated.

3. Scientific fasting: Babies with diarrhea or vomiting need more energy, especially liquid or semi-liquid foods such as breast milk and porridge. If vomiting is frequent, consider temporarily fasting, preferably 4-6 hours, but be careful not to prohibit drinking water.

Precautions

1. Eat well-cooked food, drink boiled water, and wash hands frequently. Because norovirus is transmitted by fecal-oral transmission, it is necessary to enter the customs through the mouth.

2. Isolate suspected and symptomatic individuals.

3. Use disinfectant to fully disinfect the environment and supplies.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a rash disease that spreads primarily through droplets and direct contact, so it is highly contagious. Late winter and early spring are high incidence periods, and they are susceptible to infection at any age, and preschool children have a higher incidence.

Characteristics of the disease

Chickenpox has a long incubation period, about half a month. 1-2 days after the incubation period, symptoms of fever, lethargy, cough, loss of appetite and mild diarrhea appear.

Fever and an itchy rash will follow for about 2-4 days. It starts out as a red rash and later forms clear blisters, like dew drops on flowers and leaves in the morning. Herpes first appeared on the head and face, then on the trunk, and then gradually spread to the limbs, and finally developed to other parts.

The blister sinks and wilts and eventually scabs over. After scabbing, the rash gradually healed over a few weeks.

Home Care

Chickenpox is also a self-limiting disease that can heal on its own, usually subsides in about 10 days. Key issues to be aware of in parental care are isolation and prevention of scratching.

1. Isolation: Chickenpox is an acute contagious disease that is contagious during outbreaks and requires isolation.

2. Avoid scratching. Chickenpox will fall off on its own after a period of time. Be extra careful not to scratch it to avoid re-infection with bacteria. Parents can trim their baby’s nails, wear soft and breathable clothes, and under the guidance of a doctor, apply and take medicines to relieve itching.

3. You can take acetaminophen to reduce fever when you have a fever.

4. During the period of illness, pay attention to a light diet, avoid spicy food, and drink plenty of water.

Precautions

1. Get the chickenpox vaccine.

2. Avoid contact with patients who are suffering from chickenpox, and at the same time pay attention to resolutely avoid touching and using things that the patient has used.

3. Develop good hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, and ventilate the room frequently.