Experts in this article:
Chen Weiqing, Director of the Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
I do not avoid alcohol and tobacco, and I like to eat hot food… Note that most of these digestive tract tumors are Eat out! Who are the high-risk groups? How to spot red flags? After reading this article, you will understand.
Oral cancer
High-risk groups:
1. Long-term history of chewing betel nut.
2. Infections such as papilloma-like virus.
3. Long-term active or passive smokers, long-term drinkers.
4. Repeated stimulation of unclean mouth, sharp teeth, residual roots and crowns and bad restorations.
5. Long-term oral mucosal diseases (oral leukoplakia, erythema, etc.).
Red flags:
1. Changes in the color or appearance of the oral mucosa, such as whitening, reddening, darkening, or a pre-existing mole that increases in size, surface The texture hardens and ulcers appear.
2. An unexplained lump in the mouth or any part of the neck, or an ulcer of the oral mucosa that has not healed for more than two weeks.
3. Sudden enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck.
4. Symptoms of movement disorder, inability to open the mouth, loss of sensation or numbness on one side of the tongue.
5. Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking.
6. Localized enlargement of jawbone, left-right asymmetry, sometimes combined with abnormal sensation, or tooth shake and other symptoms.
Laryngeal cancer
High-risk groups:
1. Long-term smokers and drinkers.
2. Patients with chronic laryngitis, laryngeal keratosis, laryngeal papilloma, vocal cord leukoplakia, etc.
3. Those who have long-term exposure to carcinogenic substances such as dust and chemically harmful gases.
4. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Red flags:
1. Intractable hoarseness.
2. Foreign body sensation in the throat.
3. Throat pain, sometimes radiating into the same ear.
4. Cough and blood in sputum.
5. Dyspnea, dysphagia, dysphagia and bad breath (more advanced).
6. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
7. Neck mass, firm, painless, and gradually increasing.
8. Cachexia such as anemia, weight loss, and exhaustion.
esophageal cancer
high-risk group:
1. Family history of malignant tumor.
2. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as repeated acid reflux, discomfort in swallowing, foreign body sensation in the esophagus, slow stagnation of food passing through, and recurrent retrosternal pain or feeling of fullness and discomfort.
3. Bad eating habits, such as long-term consumption of pickled, blanched, rough and moldy food.
4. Smoking and drinking.
5. Barrett (squamous epithelium of lower esophagus covered by columnar epithelium), esophagitis or precancerous lesions.
Red flags:
1. Unexplained weight loss.
2. Food passes slowly with choking.
3. Burning, pinching, or pulling and rubbing pain on the sternum when swallowing food.
4. There is a foreign body sensation in the esophagus and a burning sensation in the chest.
Gastric cancer
High-risk group:
1. Family history of malignant tumor.
2. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.
3. Atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric polyps, remnant stomach, hypertrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia and other diseases.
Danger Signs:
1. Indigestion, acid reflux, belching, heartburn and other uncomfortable symptoms in the upper abdomen.
2. Weight loss, anemia.
3. Upper abdominal pain.
4. Dark stools or bloody stools.
5. Feeling full or burning.
6. Fatigue, weight loss, anemia.
Colorectal cancer
High-risk groups:
1. Family history of malignant tumor and intestinal polyps.
2. Positive fecal occult blood test.
3. Precancerous diseases such as intestinal polyps, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease.
4. The pelvis has been exposed to radioactive radiation.
Red flags:
1. Changes in stool shape or frequency.
2. Diarrhea and constipation alternate.
3. Abdominal cramps, abdominal mass.
4. Mucous blood in the stool.
5. Stop exhausting from the anus.
6. Nausea and vomiting during defecation.
Liver cancer
High-risk groups:
1. Family history of liver cancer.
2. Chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C and other viral hepatitis.
3. Liver cirrhosis of various causes.
4. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
5. Addicted to alcohol and eating moldy food.
Red flags:
1. Recent rapid weight loss.
2. Frequent persistent pain in the right upper quadrant liver area.
3. Yellowing of the skin and sclera, or dark brown urine.
4. Indigestion symptoms such as loss of appetite, tiredness of oil, diarrhea, fullness after meals.
5. Repeated bleeding from nasal cavity and gums for a long time, or gastrointestinal bleeding is symptoms of melena and hematemesis.
Gallbladder cancer
High-risk groups:
1. Family history of malignant tumor.
2. Gallbladder stones larger than 3 cm in diameter.
3. Porcelain gallbladder or atrophic cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis.
4. Gallbladder polypoid lesions with a diameter of ≥1 cm.
Red flags:
1. Mass, persistent dull or dull pain in the right upper quadrant or upper abdomen, sometimes with episodic severe pain radiating to the right shoulder.
2. Indigestion, tired of greasy, belching, decreased appetite.
3. Unexplained yellowing of the skin and sclera, accompanied by weight loss, fatigue, and itching.
4. The urine is dark yellow like soy sauce or strong tea, and the stool is light or even clay-colored.
5. Biliary bleeding may be accompanied by melena.
6. Symptoms such as liver enlargement and cirrhosis may occur when there is liver metastasis.
Pancreatic cancer
High-risk group:
1. Family history of malignant tumor.
2. Obesity.
3. Long-term smoking and excessive drinking.
4. New-onset diabetes mellitus within 5 years, especially non-obese persons.
5. Patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Red flags:
1. Persistent pain in the upper abdomen and lower back.
2. Frequent diarrhea and indigestion.
3. Yellowing of the skin and sclera.
4. Loss of appetite, weight loss and fatigue, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
5. Obstructive jaundice, the stool becomes pale, even clay-colored, the skin is yellowish brown or bronze, and there is pruritus.
6. Symptomatic diabetes.
[Experts Reminder]
If you find the above danger signs in your body, please go to a hospital (preferably a specialist hospital) for consultation or inspection as soon as possible. Early diagnosis, early treatment, digestive tract tumors are not terrible!