At present, rural health and health issues have become a “higher concern” in addition to urban environmental issues. Hotspot”, “Focus”. In addition to adequate preparations by government departments, individuals must also pay attention to rural hygiene and health issues from now on. The following is a brief description of rural health and health knowledge.
1. What kind of drinking water is safe and sanitary water
The drinking water does not contain bacteria, viruses and parasite eggs that can cause harm to humans. People can drink it freely, and it is unlikely that they will suffer from infectious diseases due to water.
The chemicals in drinking water are not harmful to humans. Natural water contains a variety of chemicals, some of which are required by the human body. As long as the content of these chemicals does not exceed the national drinking water hygiene standards, regular drinking is not only harmless, but also beneficial to health. If the water source is polluted and the chemical substances in the water increase greatly, exceeding the allowable range of national drinking water hygiene standards, it may endanger human health, and may even affect the growth, development and physical health of the next generation.
The color, smell and taste of the water are normal. The color and taste of water will not give people uncomfortable feeling, and when washing clothes and utensils with water, it will not leave undue traces.
The above are the requirements for the water source itself. If it is used as safe and sanitary water for drinking, it should be purified, disinfected or boiled water.
2. How to choose a drinking water source< /p>
With the development of rural economy, many townships have built water plants. However, at present, most farmers still obtain water in a decentralized manner and use it for single households, or several households or a dozen households share a water source.
Natural water is divided into three categories: surface water, groundwater and precipitation, and drinking water sources are generally selected from these three types of water sources. Surface water includes rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds and ocean water. Surface water is exposed on the ground surface and is often easily polluted by the surrounding environment. It needs to be purified and disinfected before drinking. Ocean water contains a variety of chemical substances, and the water tastes bitter and astringent, making it unsuitable for drinking water. Precipitation includes rainwater and snow water, which is difficult to collect and store, and the amount of water that can be collected is also limited. Only a few arid areas in the north with severe water shortages use precipitation as a source of drinking water.
The most suitable drinking water source for scattered farmers is groundwater. Due to the infiltration of groundwater through the soil layer, most of the bacteria, viruses, parasite eggs and some harmful chemicals in the water are filtered out, and the water quality is better. Compared with surface water, groundwater is buried deep underground, not easily polluted, and the water quality is relatively stable. However, farmers who use groundwater as a source of drinking water should pay attention to the following two issues:
The groundwater with a depth of several meters to ten meters is generally shallow groundwater, and various harmful substances on the ground It may penetrate through the soil layer and pollute the groundwater. Special attention should be paid to the sanitary protection around the well.
Deep groundwater is located in underground rock formations, and the water often contains more minerals, such as iron, manganese, fluorine, arsenic, etc. Drinking water hygiene standards, long-term drinking may cause adverse health effects. Therefore, after drilling a deep well, you should ask the local health and epidemic prevention station to take water for testing to determine whether the well water is drinkable.
3. Why can’t humans and animals share the same water source
Everyone knows the truth that “disease comes from the mouth”. There are many intestinal infectious diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery; certain parasitic diseases, such as ascariasis, fascioliasis, echinococcosis, etc., may be spread through polluted water sources, leading to epidemics.
In areas where water sources are relatively scarce, especially in pastoral areas, there is still a phenomenon that humans and animals share the same water source. In this way, the water source is easily contaminated by livestock with bacteria, eggs or livestock manure. Once people drink these polluted water, they may get sick. Therefore, humans and animals cannot share water from the same source. To completely change this practice, it is necessary to promote the digging of wells to obtain water, and to have well covers to prevent rainwater and snow water from flowing into the wells. It is also necessary to keep an appropriate distance from animal houses and toilets to prevent sewage from seeping into the well.
In addition, if drinking river water, humans and animals should use upstream water and downstream water respectively. Avoid drinking raw, dirty and stagnant water.
4. What hygiene issues should be paid attention to
Good indoor and outdoor hygiene. Carry out hygiene campaigns to keep the living environment clean. The living room should always open the windows, ventilate, keep the air fresh, and prevent the occurrence of respiratory infectious diseases.
Practice good personal hygiene. With the change of weather and labor intensity, pay attention to the increase or decrease of clothing at any time to prevent the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Bedding should be exposed to frequent exposure, and clothes should be washed and changed frequently to keep them clean. Wash your hands before and after meals to prevent disease from entering your mouth.
Provide timely vaccination. Improve the body’s resistance to disease and prevent the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases.
Pay attention to labor hygiene. In the process of fertilization and fertilization, it is necessary to frequently contact with feces, garbage and other dirt, and hands are most likely to be infected with various bacteria, viruses, parasite eggs, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to trim nails frequently, and wash hands with soap and clean water in time after accumulation or application of fertilizer to reduce the spread of disease. When applying dry manure, manure powder and other organic fertilizers that are easy to fly, wear masks, long-sleeved clothes, and trousers to prevent germs from invading the body from the respiratory tract and skin and mucous membranes.